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Effect of Irrigation on the Yield - Water Relations of Mustard

A. A. Hassan
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute Of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O.Box 04, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh

M. H. Ali
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute Of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O.Box 04, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh

N. N. Karim
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute Of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O.Box 04, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh

A. A. Sarkar
Agricultural Engineering Division, Bangladesh Institute Of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O.Box 04, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The response of promising selected mustard mutants to different levels of irrigation schedules were studied during 1994-95 and 1996-97. Different irrigation schedules showed significant effect on the seed and straw yield of mustard compared to without irrigation during 1994-95. But difference of seed and straw yield due to different amount of irrigation were not significant. In regard to mutants, different irrigation schedules had significant effect on the seed yield and mutant MM 36-41-90 produced the highest seed yield (1.90 t.ha^-1). During 1996-97, significant yield increase was obtained with one irrigation after 30 days of sowing (T₁) and IW /CPE of 0.75 (T₃) compared to without irrigation. Yield difference was significant due to different amount of irrigation. Mutants also showed significant difference on yield due to different irrigation treatments and the mutant MM 19-33-90 produced the highest seed yield (1.89 t.ha^-1). From the production efficiency and marginal productivity of irrigation water, it appeared that one irrigation (upto field capacity) after 30 days of sowing can produce the economic yield (average 1.87 t.ha^-1) of mustard under the prevailing condition. Water savings from the recommended irrigation schedule, if followed by the farmers, will enhance the irrigated command area of mustard.

Keywords: Irrigation, Yield, Water, Mustard, Cultivation, Productivity

Location: BINA sub-station, Ishurdi, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-01-1994

End Date: 31-12-1997

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

(i) To investigate the necessity of irrigation for mustard cultivation,

(ii) To determine the amount and timing of irrigation for maximum yield,

(iii) The production efficiency and marginal productivity of irrigation water to have reasonable yield of mustard.

Methodology:

Field experiments were conducted for two years during 1994-95 and 1996-97 at the experimental farm of BINA sub-station, Ishurdi, Bangladesh (24° 06' N, 89° 01' E and 34 m above mean sea level). The soil of the experimental site is silt loam having no restricting layer upto 120 cm depth. The volumetric water content of the soil at field capacity (113 bar potential) and wilting point (15 bar potential) were found to be 43 % and 18 %, respectively (Hassan and Sarkar, 1994). The bulk density of the top 60 cm soil ranged from 1.52 to 1.63 gm/cc. The basic infiltration rate was found to be 0.7 cm.hr^-1. The pH of the soil ranged from 6.2 to 7.7. The experimental design was randomized complete block with a split- plot arrangement. The irrigation treatments were allocated in the main-plots (8 m x 3 m) and the mustard mutants in the sub-plots (3 m x 2 m). The irrigation treatments were: T₀ = Control (no irrigation) T₁ = Irrigation after 30 days of sowing T₂ = Irrigation as in T₁ and latter irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 0.5 T₃ = Irrigation as in T₁ and latter irrigation at IW/CPE ratio of 0.75 where IW refers to the applied irrigation water, and CPE is the cumulative open pan evaporation from a USWB Class-A pan minus effective rainfall since the previous irrigation. The depth of irrigation water (IW) in -T₁ was determined based on deficit from field capacity from instant soil moisture on the day of irrigation considering root zone depth of 30 cm. The seeds of mustard were sown on 6 November, 1994 and 11 November, 1996. The experimental field was fertilized with N, P₂O₅, K₂O and S @45, 60, 40 and 40 kg.ha^-1 through urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively, as basal dose. Data on seed yield was collected from the whole plot but all the yield components namely, number of siliqua per plant, seed per siliqua were collected from ten plants selected randomly from each unit plot. These data were then analyzed statistically (LSD followed by F-test).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 25 (1&2), pp. 51-61, Jan-Dec 2000, ISSN- 0253-5408, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Different irrigation schedules showed significant effect on the seed and straw yield of mustard compared to without irrigation during 1994-95. But difference of seed and straw yield due to different amount of irrigation were not significant. In regard to mutants, different irrigation schedules had significant effect on the seed yield and mutant MM 36-41-90 produced the highest seed yield (1.90 t.ha^-1). During 1996-97, significant yield increase was obtained with one irrigation after 30 days of sowing (T₁) and IW /CPE of 0.75 (T₃) compared to without irrigation. Yield difference was significant due to different amount of irrigation. Mutants also showed significant difference on yield due to different irrigation treatments and the mutant MM 19-33-90 produced the highest seed yield (1.89 t.ha^-1). From the production efficiency and marginal productivity of irrigation water, it appeared that one irrigation (upto field capacity) after 30 days of sowing can produce the economic yield (average 1.87 t.ha^-1) of mustard under the prevailing condition. Water savings from the recommended irrigation schedule, if followed by the farmers, will enhance the irrigated command area of mustard.

Knowledge Management: Journal