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Effect of Depth of Groundwater Table on Wheat

M.M. Hossain
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur, Bangladesh

M.H. Rashid
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur, Bangladesh

M.A.K. Mridha
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur-l 701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted in lysimeters at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur during the rabi seasons of 1997-98 and 1998-99 with four different depths groundwater table. The depths were 45, 60, 75 and 90 cm in 1997-98. On the basis of the observations of 1997-98, the 90 cm depth was replaced by 30 cm depth in the year 1998-99. Wheat, cv. Kanchan was used as test crop in order to find out the effect of depth to groundwater table on its performance. Highest yield was (4.44 t/ha and 3.48 t/ha in the 1^st and 2^st year, respectively) obtained with 45 cm depth of groundwater table followed by 60 cm depth (4.37 t/ha and 3.43 t/ha in the 1^st and 2^st year, respectively) with lowest yield of 3.84 t/ha with 90 cm depth of water table in the 1^st year and 2.81 t/ha in the 2^st year with water table at 30 cm depth. Yield increased with decreasing depth of groundwater table from 90 to 45 cm, above which yield was reduced markedly at 30 cm depth of groundwater table. Total water use was highest (502 mm) with water table at 45 cm which was much higher than the water uses (420- 427 mm) with water table at 30,60 and 75 cm. Wheat could successfully be grown on lands having water table depth as close as to 45 cm in silt loam soil. Maintaining 45-60 cm depth of groundwater table was found to Le best in respect of yield and water use of wheat in silt loam soil of Jamalpur.

Keywords: Depth, Groundwater, Wheat.

Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-1997

End Date: 00-00-1999

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Groundwater, Wheat

Objectives:

To find out the effect of depth to groundwater tables on the yield of wheat and optimum drainage depth for good wheat yield.

Methodology:

To maintain constant water table depth throughout the growing period, water was applied from a small overhead water container through pipes connected to the bottom of the lysimeter. Each tank had 1 sq. m surface area and 90 cm effective soil depth. Texturally the lysimeter soil was silt loam having apparent specific gravity from 1.65 to 1.68 and field capacity from 29.35 to 32.13 per cent on oven dry weight basis. Soil moisture at sowing is presented. Seeds, at the rate of 150 kg/ha, were sown on December 02 in both years at 30 cm line spacing. Fertilizers were applied at the rate of N₁₀₀P₅₀K₄₀S₂₀ kg/ha from urea, TSP, MP and gypsum, respectively. The whole of TSP, MP, gypsum and two-third of urea were applied during the final land preparation. Rest of the urea was top dressed and mixed with the surface soils after 20 days of sowing. Around the lysimeter tanks, wide fetches with the same crop were grown to avoid micro-climatic variation maintaining similar environment. The lysimeter tanks had same wheat crop around them, up to a distance of 12 m on the south, 14 m on the north, 4 m on the west and 15 m on the east. Beyond these boundaries, there were other crops like mustard, vegetables and wheat. The crop was harvested on March 27, 1998 (first year) and March 23, 1999 (second year). Data recorded were spikes per sq. m, plant height, spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, biomass yield (shoot only), grain yield, soil moisture at sowing and daily water use. Results of the experiment could not be tested statistically as it was a non replicated experiment due to shortage of lysimeters. Only 4 lysimeters were available to perform the study. However, the lysimeters were precise in observing the effects of different treatments.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, pp: 55-64, Vol 26 (1&2), 2001, ISSN 0253-5408

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the two years study, it may be concluded that wheat could be successfully grown on lands having water table depth as close as to 45 cm in silt loam soil: However, water table depth within 30 cm below ground level would seriously affect growth and yield of wheat. Groundwater table depth of 45-60 cm may be maintained for optimum yield and water use in case of sub-surface irrigation in silt loam soil.

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