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Research Detail

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Dr. A.S.M.HELAL UDDIN AHMMED SIDDIQUI
Senior Research Officer
Mangrove Silviculture Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Mangrove Bhaban, Muzgunni, Khulna-9000

Dr. Abul Khair
Professor
Professor, Department of Botany and Tresurer, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka

Passur belongs to the family Meliaceae and commercially valuable deciduous multipurpose timber yielding tree species in the Sundarbans.  Now Passur is affected by heart rot disease. The heart rot disease of Passur has been brought about more or less all over the Sundarbans. It grew abundantly in the past decades and now its population is declining due to heart rot disease with changes in the environment. A basic separation of wood decay can be made on the basis of whether the fungus survives primarily in living trees or in dead trees, this decay of living trees are heart rot.Heart rot is generally regarded as a condition locally known as "dhor." It is also characterized by the gradual death of the crown starting first with small twigs and then gradually larger branches die and lignin portion of the stem becomes useless and decay. The fruit body, gall and cankers are developed on the different portion of the standing trees.Passur trees are affected (Less than 50% top dead and more than 50% top dead or heart rot) severely at Kalabogi, Baniakhali and Bojboja in the moderately saline water zone, the percentages are 64%, 62% and 60% respectively then followed by Kashiabad 54%, Chunkuri 48%. Very low amount of trees are affected at Supati (17%) in the fresh water zone of the Sundarbans. This strongly suggests that with the increase in soil salinity in the Sundarbans, more and more Passur are being established in the Sundarbans. Average percentage of heart rot affected Passur trees according to diameter at breast height (dbh) classes were determined which showed that the highest percentage of heart rot affected Passur trees Class C4 (>40cm) is highly affected 34%, then followed by dbh Class C3 (31-40cm) 31%, Class C2 (21-30cm) 25% and the lowest only 10% in the Class CI (<20cm) as is evident in the six study locations of the Sundarbans.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Disease, Fungal pathogen, Hertrot, Mangrove forest, Passur tree
  Sundarbans Mangrove Forest, Bangladesh
  02-10-2007
  31-12-2012
  Pest Management
  Passur

1.To identify the causal organism/factors of the heart rot disease of Passur.

 2.To determine the infestation status of  heart rot  disease of passur  tree of the Sundarbans Reserve Forest (SRF).

3.To know the general feature of the species and the disease.

 
 
 
 
 
 

In the present study, the experimental plots were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) method; three size classes were considered to count regeneration in the laid temporary sample plots. In each of the six locations, three quadrants were laid out and thus a total of 18 Temporary Sample Plots (TSP) were established to assess the vegetation and regeneration composition of the major mangrove species with a view to evaluating the stand density in the forest. Each TSP plot covered an area of 2.5m x 4m = 10m2.

 Study Sites are Kalabogi – in the compartment no. 32 , Bojboja-  compartment no. 37, Baniakhali-  compartment no. 35, Kashiabad- compartment no. 36, Chunkuri- compartment no. 47, Supati-  compartment no. 4, of the Sundarbans. All the seedling, saplings and trees were enumerated and recorded from the three sub plots according to size classes of seedlings.

 Observation of Symptoms of Heart Rot Disease of Passur

In each location, a total of 100 Passur trees were randomly selected for observing symptoms of heart rot disease. The symptoms of heart rot disease have been observed and recorded from time to time in the Sundarbans following Randomized  Complete Block Design (RCBD). Disease affected and healthy trees were also recorded. In addition, the data on diameter at breast height (dbh, 1.3m) were recorded by Dia Tape  in all the study sites from the selected trees.

Categorization of Heart Rot infested Passur Trees

In this study, the experimental plots were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the six locations. In each location, one quadrate was laid out to observe the incidence of heart rot of Passur trees along with healthy (Unaffected) trees. The data of percent heart rot of Passur in four dbh classes from Kalabogi, Bojboja, Baniakhali, Kashiabad, Chunkuri and Supati are also provided for much easier comprehension. The study was conducted during October 2007 t0 December,2012.

Canopy Class Description of Passur in the Study Site were  noted G1 canopy tree class, G2 canopy tree class, G3 canopy tree class, and G4 canopy tree class

Data was tabulated, G1 was considered as healthy tree and G2, G3 and G4 were considered as heart rot affected trees. Diameter at breast height (dbh, 1.3m.) of the trees was also recorded. Four dbh classes were considered to measure the observation following Karim (1995). The dbh classes were CI (<20cm), C2 (21-30cm), C3 (31-40cm) and C4 (>40cm). Collection of Fungal Fruit Bodies from Heart Rot disease affected Passur Trees were tested  and identified  in the laboratory systematically. Identification of Fungal Disease in the Pathological Laboratory  were done in the laboratory systematically. Disease Symptoms  were observed in the field conditions.

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Ph.D.Thesis, Jahangirnagar University, Department of Botany,2012
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  3,00,000
   3,00,000

The problem of heart rot of Passur (Xylocarpus mekongensis) has been put forward.  Status of Passur trees and saplings has been determined from past studies in three salinity zones (FWZ, MSWZ and SSWZ) in the Sundarbans. Highest no. of Passur trees per/ ha was 240 from MSWZ, followed by 181 trees/ha in SSWZ and the lowest of 48 trees/ha in FWZ. But in case of saplings 1488 saplings/ha which is 8.38% of saplings of all tree species, against on 0.10% in FWZ and 0.05% in MSWZ. This strongly suggests that with the increase in soil salinity in the Sundarbans, more and more Passur are being established in the Sundarbans.The pure culture of isolates were sent to The International Mycological Institute (IMI), UK for identification of fungus. The IMI finally identified Phanerochaete subglobosa and Schizophyllum commune. Ganoderma appalanatum  with fruit body most commonly collected from heart rot affected Passur trees. So, Heart rot disease of Passur is more serious  for the Bio diversity and ecosystem conservation point of view it is a great loss for the National economy. Thus it is suggested  for future decision makers and planners about management strategy of Passur in the Sundarbans for millennium development. 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Thesis
  


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