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Effect on Soil Moisture Deficit on Shoot Growth and Development of Upland Rice Cultivars

M.Sh.lslam
Agronomy Division Regional Station Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Comilla-3500 Bangladesh

M.N.I. Miah
Bangabandhu Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1703

M.M. Haque
Bangabandhu Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur 1703

M.M. Kamal
Agronomy Division Regional Station Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Comilla-3500 Bangladesh

N. Ahmed
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was carried out in the vinyl house of the Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture. Substantial differences were observed in plant height, tiller number, leaf area, absolute growth rate (AGR) and dry matter production due to change in water deficit treatments and cultivars. Moisture deficits reduced plant height to the extent of 20%, 19%, 12% and 13% respectively at early and late vegetative, reproductive and maturity stages. Water deficit at early and late vegetative stages significantly decreased tiller number but after re watering, the plants subjected to early vegetative stress recovered more (86%) than other. Water deficit significantly decreased leaf area at both vegetative stage and highest reduction (81%) was observed in Voira and Hanumanjata, which produced the highest leaf area under control. Moisture deficits greatly reduced the absolute growth rate (AGR) in all cultivars.

Keywords: Soil moisture deficit, Absolute growth rate, Dry matter, Upland rice

Location: Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-04-1997

End Date: 00-07-1997

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To observe the effect of moisture deficit on shoot growth and development of upland rice cultivars.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in vinyl house of the Institute of Postgraduate Studies in Agriculture (IPSA) during April-July (Aus), 1997. Two hundred and seventy pots (12-liter size) were filled with loamy soil: compost (60:40) and were arranged in the vinyl house in factorial RCB design with 6 replications. The treatments were 4 levels of water stress as water deficit at 21-40 DAE (date of emergence, early vegetative stress), water deficit at 41-60 DAE (late vegetative stress), and water deficit at 61-80 DAE (reproductive stress) and control (near field capacity condition). Three local cultivars viz.: Chantara, Hashikalmi and Voira, one resistant local check (Hanumanjata) and , two modern varieties viz.: BR2 (susceptible check) and BR24 were used in the study.Four seeds of each cultivar were sown in pot and thinning was done at 3-leaf stage to keep single plant in each pot.Fertilizer was applied @ 30-30- 20 kg/ha of N, P₂0₅ and K₂0 in the form of urea, TSP and MP, respectively. Pots were irrigated with a plastic pipe at every alternate day except the duration of treatment imposition. Soil moisture was monitored by "Soil moisture indicator (Model R-101)" at the surface layer of each pot for the beginning to the end of each treatment period at 5 days interval.The plants of each cultivars were sampled by harvesting from six replications at the beginning and end of each water deficit treatment and at maturity to determine the plant height, total dry matter production, leaf area, absolute growth rate (AGR). After harvesting, leaf sheath, leaf blade, calm and panicles were separated and dried at 70⁰ C for 72 hours and weighed.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agrll.Sci. 28(2): 223-232; July, 2001

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Cultivar Hanumanjata and Voira had the extreme soil moisture depletion due to their higher evapo-transpiration demand by their higher crop growth and leaf surface areas.On an average, water deficit reduced plant . height, 20% at early vegetative, 19% at late vegetative, 12% at reproductive and 13% at maturity stages.Water deficit at early and late vegetative stage significantly decreased .number of tillers, but at reproductive stage did not. lrrespective of cuttivars and water deficit, reduction in number of tillers was more severe at early vegetative stage (41%) followed by late vegetative stage (37%), while the reduction was minimum (10%) at reproductive stage. Among the cultivars, Voira produced the highest leaf area (4754 cm ²) followed by Hanumanjata (4072 cm²) at reproductive stage under control condition. On the other hand, water deficit BR24 and Hashikalmi had least reduction in leaf area at reproductive stage.Effect on shoot growth: Water stress effect did not significantly reduce the shoot growth at all stages of crop growth. Irrespective of cultivars, water deficit severely reduced shoot growth when the plant were subjected to late vegetative stages (51%) followed by early vegetative stress(39%).Under control condition BR2 showed the highest AGR at 40 and 80 DAE (0.442 and 1.242 g/plant/day respectively, although the same cultivar had the least AGR at seedling stage. BR24 had the highest AGR at reproductive stage and at maturity. Irrespective of cultivars, water deficit at late vegetative stage drastically reduced the AGR (53%) followed by early vegetative stress (44%) but it was the least (7%) in case at reproductive stress . Moisture deficits greatly reduced the absolute growth rate (AGR) In all cultivars.

Knowledge Management: Journal