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Changes in Soil Ph, Organic Matter and Nitrogen Content as Affected by Long-term Application of Urea and Organic Residues

M.A. Islam
Adaptive Research Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

N.l. Bhuiyan
Adaptive Research Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

J. Haider
Adaptive Research Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

M.A. Saleque
Adaptive Research Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

M.F. Islam
Adaptive Research Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A long-term field experiment using different levels of urea-N and organic residues was conducted on a permanent layout with a double rice (wet-dry-fallow) cropping pattern. Sixteen treatment combinations of urea-N and organic residues namely Dhaincha (Sesbania acu/eata) (DH), cowdung (CD) and rice straw (AS) were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications. After eleven years of continuous application of urea-N and different organic residues, post-harvest soil (0-15 em depth) were analyzed to evaluate the changes in soil pH, organic carbon and N content. Soil pH was significantly affected by the long term application of both urea-N and organic residues. Soil pH increased from its initial value (pH 6.7) by 0.1 to 0.2 units for different organic residue treatments. The organic carbon content (1.16%) was observed in DH treatment and the lowest organic carbon content 0.96% was observed in no organic residue treatment against the initial level of 0.94%. Similarly, the soil N also increased with the use of organic residues.

Keywords: Soil pH, Organic carbon, Soil N, Long-term

Location: Experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur

Start Date: 00-00-1985

End Date: 00-00-1985

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

TO EXAMINE CHANGES IN SOIL pH, ORGANIC MATTER AND NITROGEN CONTENT AS AFFECTED BY LONG-TERM APPLICATION OF UREA AND ORGANIC RESIDUES

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur. The experiment was initiated in the 1985 wet season on a permanent layout. The soil, Aerie haplaquept, had the following initial characteristics: clay loam, pH 6.7; organic carbon 0.94%, total nitrogen 0.072%, available P 12 ppm; exchangeable K 0.31 me%; available S 11.8 ppm and available Zn 2.6 ppm. Two rice crops were grown per year in a wet-dry-fallow cropping pattern. Sixteen treatment combinations consisting of four organic sources (no organic residue, rice straw, cowdung and 55-60 day old dhaincha shoots and four levels of urea-N (0, 30, 60, 90 kg/ha for wet and 0, 40, 80, 120 kg/ha for dry season) were used. Therefore, annual N-rates were 0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N/ha. The organic residues were chopped into small pieces and applied at the rate of 5.0 t/ha (dry weight basis) once a year before wet season planting. The mineral composition of the organic residues are given in Table 2. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. All plots received blanket doses of triple super phosphate and muriate of potash each season at the rate of 25 and 35 kg/ha P and K, respectively. Gypsum at the rate of 200 kg/ha (30 kg S/ha) was applied to each plot once a year in the dry season. Organic materials were incorporated into the soil a week before transplanting in wet season.

Source of Information: Journal

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest organic carbon content 1.16% was observed in Dhaincha treatment and the lowest 0.96% organic carbon content was observed in no organic residue treatment, which was almost similar to its initial value (0.94%). There was no residual effect of urea N when it was applied at the rate of 70 kg/ha per year in no organic residue treatment but when it was applied at higher rates, organic residues further increased organic carbon content of soil. At zero N application, Organic carbon contents in RS and CD were 1.07% and 1.11%, respectively. Application of 210 kg N/ha along with these organic residues increased these status to 1.11% and 1.15%, respectively. It also increased from 0.16 to 0.26% in the treatments that received only organic residues. A substantial increase in soil organic carbon content due to organic residues may be attributed to the cumulative effect of yearly organic carbon accumulation directly from the organic residues, organic carbon accumulation from. the rice root and stubbles (as growth of plant was better in organic residue treated plot) and accumulation of microbial biomass in organic residues treated plots. Kanwar and Prihar (1962) observed that both organic manure and fertilizer application had increased the organic carbon and total nitrogen content at higher levels than control. Similar findings were reported by Saleque et at. 1991.

Knowledge Management: Journal