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Effect of Variety and Split Application of Nitrogen on Yield and Protein Content of Wheat

J.C. Pandit
Department of Agricultural Extension, Durgapur, Netrakona, Bangladesh

A.M.A. Kamal
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S.M.A. Hossain
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.l. Ali
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P.O. Box 4, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two experiments were conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 1994-95 and 1995-96 Rabi season (November to March) with a view to studying the effect of variety and split application of nitrogen on yield and protein content of wheat. The variety Kanchan produced higher grain yield and biological yield than Aghrani and Akbar through higher number of ears m^-2 , 1000-grain weight and plant height. The highest grain protein content (%), protein content grain^-1 (mg) and grain protein yield were also obtained from Kanchan. The variety Aghrani and Kanchan produced higher nitrogen harvest index than Akbar. The effect of variety on relationship between grain yield and grain protein yield was significant and positive. The highest grain yield, biological yield, grain protein content (%), grain protein yield and nitrogen harvest index were obtained from three split applications of nitrogen. Application of nitrogen in four splits, last split applied after anthesis, did not show any improvement of grain yield and grain protein content (%) . Effect of split application of nitrogen on relationship of grain yield with grain protein yield and nitrogen harvest index was positive and significant.

Keywords: Variety, Nitrogen, Split application, Yield, Protein content, Wheat

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-11-1994

End Date: 30-03-1996

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the effect of variety and split application of nitrogen on yield and protein content of wheat.

Methodology:

Two experiments were conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the rabi seasons (November to March) of 1994-95 and 1995-96. The elevation of the experimental site is 18 m above mean sea level and the site belongs to the Agro-Ecological Zone 9 of Bangladesh. The soil of the experimental field was silty loam having pH value of 5.83 to 5.97. Total precipitation during the cropping seasons were 29.7 mm in 1994-95 and 17.4 mm in 1995-96. The experiments included three wheat varieties- Aghrani, Akbar and Kanchan, and three split application of nitrogen- i) two splits (half as basal and rest at crown root initiation), ii) three splits (equal amounts as basal, at crown root initiation and at stem elongation) and iii) four splits (equal amounts as basal, at crown root initiation, at stem elongation and at early grain filling). A split-plot design was used for the experiments, variety being in the main plot and split application of nitrogen in the subplot, and the experiments were replicated three times. Seeds were drilled on 18 November in both the years in rows 20 cm apart at a depth of 3-4 cm. Recommended doses of fertilizers including 100 kg N ha^-1 were used and normal cultural practices were followed during the growing period of the crop. Data on growth, yield and yield contributing characters were recorded.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 29(2): 341-346, July, 2002

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Grain yield varied significantly due to different split application of nitrogen. It was observed that increasing the number of split applications from two to three increased grain yield significantly. Further increase in split application from three to four did not increase grain yield significantly. Application of nitrogen in three or four splits probably reduced nitrogen loss, increased the availability of nitrogen throughout the vegetative stage and early reproductive phase, which perhaps helped production and translocation of more assimilates to the grain, contributing to the highest grain yield in these treatments. Application of nitrogen in splits caused significant differences in biological yield. Nitrogen applied in three splits produced the highest biological yield (11.53 t ha^-1 which was identical with that of two splits (11.24 t ha^-1). The lowest biological yield was produced by four split applications (10.84 t ha^-1. Split application of nitrogen was reported better than single application in increasing yield of wheat. These results are in conformity with the present findings. Harvest index was significantly influenced by different split applications of nitrogen. The highest value (37.12%) was obtained from nitrogen applied in four splits and the lowest one (32.97%) from two splits. Harvest index produced by three split application (34.79%) was significantly lower than that of four split application (37.12%) though both these applications produced similar grain yields.

Knowledge Management: Journal