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Seed Yield and Oil Content of Sunflower as Influenced by Nitrogen and Sulphur

G.M. Ahmed
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M.A. Uddin
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S.M.A. Hossain
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymenisngh during the period from November 2000 to April 2001 to find out the effect of nitrogen and sulphur fertilization on sunflower seed yield and oil content. The treatments, consisting five nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha^-1 and five sulphur levels (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg S ha^-1) were replicated thrice in a split- plot design. Results revealed that nitrogen had significant effect on all the parameters considered viz. plant height, head diameter, head weight, number of seed head^-1 1000-seed weight, biomass plant^-1 seed yield, stover yield and oil content. The plant height, head diameter, head weight, biomass plant^-1 and stover yield were maximum with 160 kg N ha^-1while other parameters were better at 120 kg N ha^-1Higher application of nitrogen resulted in significant reduction of oil content in sunflower seed. Highest oil content (41.03%) was recorded in 80 kg N ha^-1. Sulphur fertilization responded reversibly compared to nitrogen. Oil content significantly increased with higher levels of sulphur application and it was highest (41.47%) at 20 kg S ha^-1 The results concludes that highest sunflower seed yield could be obtained by the application of 120 kg N ha^-1and 20 kg S ha^-1

Keywords: Nitrogen, Sulphur, Seed, Oil, Sunflower

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 12-11-2000

End Date: 20-04-2001

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

To find out the effect of nitrogen and sulphur on sunflower seed yield and oil content.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out during the period from November 2000 to April 2001 at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh using sunflower variety Hysan 47 (Hybrid variety) to study the performance of sunflower under different levels of N and S fertilization. Five levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 kg N ha^-1 and five levels of sulphur viz., 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha^-1 were included as experimental treatments. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Each main plot Was fertilized with triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, zinc oxide and boric acid at a rate of 200 kg ha^-1, 150 kg ha^-1 , 10 kg ha^-1 and 12 kg ha^-1, respectively. The whole amount of sulphur (S), zinc oxide (ZnO), triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MP), boric acid and 50% of the urea were incorporated at the time of final land preparation. The selected sample plants were then harvested, bundled and tagged and carefully carried to the Agronomy Field Laboratory in order to collect necessary data. The head of the plants were then dried, shelled and cleaned plot wise. Oil content in sunflower seed was determined in the Food Technology and Rural Industries Department Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The method that followed was "Continuous Solvents Extraction Method" or "Soxhlet Approaches Method" Data were analyzed using "analysis of variance" technique with the help of computer package M-STAT and differences among treatment means were adjudged with Duncan's Maltiple Range Test

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 32(2): 221-226, July, 2005

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect on plant height, head diameter, head weight, number of filled and unfilled seeds ha^-1 , seed weight plant^-1 stover weight plan^-1, biomass plan^-1, seed yield, stover yield, harvest index and seed oil content. These parameters tended to be superior with increasing rate of N fertilization up to a certain level. The highest plant height (192.7cm), head diameter (25.24cm), head weight (442.00 g), total number of seeds head^-1, (1595.6), stover weight plant^-1 (134.05g), biomass plant^-1 (134.05g) and stover yield (6.8 t ha^-1) were recorded from the highest dose of N (160 kg ha^-1) and these were the lowest in control. The rest of the parameters such as number of filled seeds head^-1 (1265.42), filled seeds (77.27%), 1000-seed weight (48.96g), seed weight plant^-1 (59.93g), seed yield (3.06 t ha^{- 1}), harvest index (31.18 %) were found to be highest at a nitrogen level of 120 kg N ha^-1 and these were lowest in control. The seed yield increased up to a certain level of nitrogen fertilization (i.e. 120 kg N ha^-1) Oil content in sunflower seed significantly influenced by different levels of nitrogen fertilization. The highest oil content (41.02%) was recorded from 80 kg N ha^-1 which was followed by 40.22, 39.70 and 39.37% obtained from 40, 120, 160 kg N ha^-1, respectively. The lowest oil content (38.87%) was produced from control. The highest performance of oil content (41.02%) was statistically different from other treatments. The lowest oil content (38.8l%) was produced from 160 kg N ha^-1 which was statistically similar to the oil content produced by 120 kg N ha^-1 (39.70%). These findings might be due to the degradation of carbohydrates in tricarboxylic acid cycle to acetyl (C0-6), which by reductive amination and transamination process forms more amino acids rather than fatty acids. Sulphur fertilization significantly influenced oil content in sunflower seeds. Oil percentage in sunflower seed was directly proportional to the levels of sulphur. The results revealed that the highest oil content (41.47%) was obtained from the highest sulphur dose (20 kg S ha^-1 which was statistically identical to 15 kg S ha^-1(41.06%). The lowest oil content (37.36%) was obtained from control. This might have resulted probably due to augmentation of sulphur containing fatty acids which ultimately led to increase in seed oil content. The results of the present study have clearly demonstrated that nitrogen and sulphur had significant effect on seed yield and oil content in sunflower.

Knowledge Management: Journal