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Effect of Nacl Salinity on the Growth and the Nitrogen Status of Nodulated Cowpea (vigna Sinensis L.) and Mung Bean (phaseolus Aureus L.)

Dr. S. M. lmamul Hqu
Professor
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka.

F. Larher
Laboratoire, de Biologie vegetale, U.E.R. Physique, Chimie, Biologie, Universite de Nancy I, B. P. 239, 54506 Vandoeuvrc-les-Nancy, Dedex, France

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Plants of V sinensis and P. aureus were grown in the presence of five levels of NaCI ranging from 10 to 100 mM . V sinensis grew better than control plants in the presence of NaCI even up to 75 mM, while P. aureus showed a decline in its growth even at 10 mM NaCI concentration. Nodulation of V sinensis by Rbizobium cowpea stra in no. 3200 occur red up to a salt concentration of 100 mM NaCI. When P. aureus was infected with Rhizobium; aponiwm strain no. G49, nodulation did not occur in the plants growing with more than 25 mM NaCI. Successful nodulation of both species in the presence of NaCl was associated with some kind oi salt tolerance either of the host plant or of the Rhizobium partner. Cowpea rhizobium strain no. 3200 was found to tolerate the NaCI salinity better than R.; aponicum strain no. G49. Total nitrogenase activity estimated by the amount of N fixed during the g rowing period was found to be positively correlated with NaCl_ext application up to 75 mM in V sinensis. However, this result was difficult to correlate with the ARA of the nodules measured at harvest. In contrast, salt application had a negative effect on N fixation by P. au reus

Keywords: Vigna unguiculata syn. Sinensis, Phascolus aureus, Rbizobium, Salinity stress, Nodulation, Nitrogen status, Acetylene reduction activity

Location: Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Cowpea, Mungbean

Objectives:

To Identify the effect of NaCl Salinity on the Growth and the Nitrogen Status of Nodulated Cowpea and Mung Bean.

Methodology:

Local varieties of cowpea and mungbean seeds were purchased from a seed dealer in Dhaka (Bangladesh). The cowpea seed used was the Early season variety and the mungbean was the Low land variety. The seeds were germinated directly on vermiculite in perforated (at the bottom) rectangular plastic pots of about 71 capacity after having the grains surface sterilized with a 0.5% KOCI for 5 min. The vermiculite was soaked in a nutrient solution containing 0.8 mM P, 2.4 mM K, 2 mM Ca, 0.8 mM Mg, 0.8 mM S, 4 mM Cl-, 4 µM Fe, 32 µM 13, 11 µM Zn, 0.94 µM Mo, 0.5 µM Cu, 0.34 µM Co and 11 14M Mn. for the salt treatments, NaCl at concentration of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 or 100 mM was mixed with the nutrient solution and added to the vermiculite. The treatments arc designated here as control, S, 2, S1. s. and S5 respectively. The salinity stress was applied from the beginning of germination and continued until the end of the experiment. Rhizobium cowpea, strain no. 3200 and Rhizobium japonicum, stra in no. G49 were obtain ed from the Soil Microbiology Laboratory oi INRA, Dijon, France. Th e bacteria were brought into suspension in distilled water and added to the rhizospherc of each plant. V sinensis was infected with the strain no. 3200 and P. aurcus with the strain no. G49. V sinensis was harvested 40 days after germination and P. au reus after 45 days. On each occasion, the bacteria were added to the rhizosphcre between 1 and 2 weeks after the seedling emergence. The plants were grown in a controlled environment growth chamber a t a daylight intensity of 30 W m -2 at leaf level, and day and night temperatures of 26± 1°C and 22 ±I °C respectively. The corresponding relative humidities were 70 and 80% under 14 h day and 10 h night. Distilled water was added daily to maintain a constant moisture content in the rooting medium. Both nutrient solutions and NaCI were renewed weekly. At harvest, nodules and roots were rinsed three times in distilled water. Fresh weights of above ground shoots and roots as well as those of the nodules were noted. Dry matter was determined after drying at 85 °C for 48 hours. Acetylene reduction activity of the root nodule system was determined by gas chromatography and the results arc expressed as the amounts of C2H produced per g dry matter of nodules per h. The amount of N fixed by the plant was calculated by deduction of 100 N content of 100 plants at harvest to those of 100 g rains.

Source of Information: Z. Pflanzenphysiol. Bd. ll2. S. 79-87. 1983.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results for NT and Ns, expressed as mg 100 plants-1 arc presented. With increasing concentration of NaCl_ext the Ny in shoots of V. sinensis increased up to 53, while in the roots this tendency was maintained up to 54. On the other hand, the soluble N content increased up to 53 for both the shoots and roots. The values for Ns in the nodules of this plant showed a decreasing tendency with increasing salt treatment, the lowest content of Ns being observed at 54. At the last two levels of NaCl_ext treatments, the ARA were relatively higher. For P. aureus, the N stat us in all parts of the salt-treated plants was lower compared to the control plants. The same was true for the nodules. The nodules at 5, had the lowest quantities of both Ny and Ns although they were found to have a high ARA. The results obtained in the present study clearly show that nodulated leguminous plants have quite different adaptive potentials to the adverse conditions of excess NaCl in their growth media. It is apparent that V sinensis tolerates NaCl salinity much better than P. aureus.

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