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Osmoregulation in Higher Plants: Effects of Naci Salinity on Non-nodulated Phaseolus Aureus L. I. Growth and Mineral Content

Dr. S. M. lmamul Huq
Professor
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

F. Larher
Laboratoire de Biologie Vegetale, Universite de Nancy I, Faculte des Sciences, B.P. N- 239, 54505 Vattdreuvre-ks Nancy Cedex, France

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The adaptation growth and Changes in mineral composition of Phaseolus aureus L. were studied at six levels of NaCl, ranging from 10 to 200 mM. Plants tolerated up to 150 rnM NaCl in the growth medium although their growth and mineral composition were adversely affected. Accumulation of Na+ in plant tissue increased with increasing NaCI_ext & reaching toxic concentrations and inhibited transport of different inorganic ions. K⁺ constituted only about 10% of the total mineral content of plants grown in 150 mM NaCl as against 55 % in the controls.The principal balancing onion to counter Na+ accumulation was Cl-. 'lon excess' in the plant is suggested to be t he cause of reduced growth. The behaviour of P. aureus under condition of salt stress is discussed

Keywords: Soil, Nitrogen, Salinity, NaCI Salinity, Non-Nodulated, Mineral content, Growth, Mung bean

Location: Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mungbean

Objectives:

To identify the influence of different levels of external NaCl (NaCI_ext) on the growth and mineral composition of the grain legume Phaseolus aureus L. typically known as Mung bean.

Methodology:

Seeds of P. aureus were germinated directly on vermiculite placed in perforated (at the bottom) rectangular plastic pots of about 7I capacity. The vermiculite was soaked with a nutrient solution containing N0₃-, 4 mM; NH₄+, 2mM; P, 0.8 mM; s, 0·6 mM; K+, 2 mM; Ca⁺², 1·5 mM; Mg⁺², 0·2mM; Fe, 4µm; B, 32 µM; Mn,1lµM; Zn, 1·2 µM; Mo, 0·93µM; Cu, 0.5µM; Co, 0034µM; Cl, 2·0 mM. NaCI at concentrations of 0, 10, 25, SO, 100, 150 or 200 mM was added to the vermiculite along with the nutrient solution. These treatments are designated as control, S₁, S₂, S₃, S4, s₅and S6 respectively^. Seeds started to germinate from the second day of sowing and seedlings emerged on the fourth day. Seeds failed to germinate in the S, treatment. The plants were allowed to grow for 4 weeks in a controlled environment growth chamber at a daylight intensity of 30 W m-²at leaf level and day and night temperatures of 26 ±1 °C and 22±1 °C respectively. The corresponding relative humidities were 70 and 80% under a 14 h day and 10 h night. Distilled water was added daily to maintain a constant moisture content in the root medium. Both nutrient and NaCI solutions were renewed weekly. Plants were harvested 28 days after germination. The root free space was unloaded by three 1 min washings in distilled water. Lengths and fresh weights of above ground shoots and roots were measured. Dry matter was determined by drying at 85 °C for 48 h. Organic matter was estimated by deducting total mineral content from total dry matter. The dried plant material was ground in a ball mill and passed through a 0·5 mrn sieve. Total P was determined calorimetrically with molybdate-vanadate solution after digesting in a ternary acid mixture (IRR I, 1976) and is expressed as P04 -a. K+ and Na+ were determined by flame photometer, and CaH and MgH by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, after extraction for 24 h in 1 NHCl (IRRI, 1976). NO,- was determined calorimetrically and CI- by conventional titration with AgN0₃, after extraction in water at 45 °C for 1 h.

Source of Information: Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Germination started 1 day after sowing in all pots except for S₆, but appeared greater in the control, S₁, S₂ and 5₃ treatments. The seedlings appeared healthier in the treatments up to S₃. The rate of leaf development was retarded above S_2. The leaves of the plants grown in 50 mM NaCL and higher were darker in colour than the rest. Over the first 2 weeks of growth, the plants of S₃ to S₅ treatments showed very poor root development; during this period secondary roots did not appear in S₅ plants. It is clear that all parameters decreased with increasing NaCI_ext correlation coefficients between these parametersrs and NaCiext concentration all being significant at the 1% level. Shoot fresh weight, however. increased up to 8_2. Plant height decreased by more than 15% at S₁ and 74% at S₅. The total fresh weight showed only a slight decrease (o-5 %) at S₂, while at S₅, the decrease was more than 78%. The decrease in dry matter weight was even more spectacular, amounting to more than 87% for both shoots and roots at S₅.The decrease in fresh and dry weights was greater for roots than shoots.The shoot/root ratio (fresh weight) varied between 1·8 for control and 2·14 at S₄, and in dry matter, between 2·83 for control and 5·74 at 84. The decrease in organic matter below control was 90 and 95% respectively for shoots and roots of S₅ plants.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings