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Genetic Variability, Correlation, Path Coefficient and Genetic Divergence of 15 Groundnut Genotypes

P. Sarker
Soil Resources Development Institute, Mymensingh

L. Rahman
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. S. Alam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic variability, character association and genetic diversity were studied in 15 groundnut genotypes. Significant variations among the genotypes were found for all the characters studied except number of kernels per pod. The variety ICGS-E-55, 4595 and DM-1 showed better performance than all other varieties. Number of secondary branches per plant and pod setting percentage showed high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variations and broad sense heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percentage of mean. Correlation coefficient estimation indicated that pod yield was significantly and positively associated with 100-pod weight and plant height Path coefficient analysis revealed that the pod yield was mainly governed by 100-pod weight, plant height and shelling percentage. Correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis suggested that 100-pod weight and plant height were the most important yield contributing characters in groundnut Genetic divergence of groundnut was estimated using Mahalanobis D²statistics. The genotypes under study fell into six clusters. The intercluster distances were larger than the intracluster distance suggesting the presence of wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. Plant height contributed maximum to the diversity. The genotypes 4595, ICGS-E-55 and DM-1 were found potential parents based on cluster distance.

Keywords: Variability, Correlation, Path coefficient, Genetic divergence, Groundnut

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 12-11-2000

End Date: 09-05-2001

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To establish patterns of genetic divergence between the varieties/lines of groundnut originating from different eco-geographic region of Indian sub-continent.

Methodology:

The present study was performed with 15 genotypes of groundnut. Among them, four varieties Dhaka-1, DG-2, Acc-12 and OM-I were originated from Bangladesh and the remaining lines were from ICRISAT, India. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during Rabi season of 2000-2001. The experiment was set up in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The plot size was 1.2 cm x 5 m. The plant spacing was 30 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants within same row. Ten plants were selected randomly from each plot for collection of data on yield and different yield contributing characters. The data were analyzed for variance. The difference between means of the genotypes for yield and yield contributing character were adjudged by Duncun's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Heritability in broad sence was estimated. The genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient between yield and yield contributing characters were estimated . Genetic divergence of groundnut varieties was estimated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 31(1): 9-18, January, 2004

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Analysis of variance for yield and different yield contributing characters are showed that except number of kernels per pod, all the characters did show significant variations among the genotypes.The tallest genotype 9276 took also short period for harvesting and other tall genotype 4595 produced highest number of flowers and pods per plant with highest shelling percentage. The longest period of flowering and harvesting was recorded in most dwarf genotype DM-1. However, the variety had highest kernels per pod and highest value of pod setting. The other variety Acc-12 produced high number of pods per plant and the genotype ICGV-88388 produced maximum number of primary and secondary branches per plant with highest 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight and pod yield per plant. Therefore, the genotypes like 4595, ICGV-88388 and ICGS-E-55 were found to the better ones as compared to other for further breeding programmes.The cluster means of nine characters showed that, cluster I had highest mean value for 100-pod weight. Cluster II had high mean value for days to 50% flowering, pods per plant, kernels per pod, 100-pod weight and pod yield per plant, cluster Ill showed highest value for primary branches per plant and pod yield, but lowest shelling percentage. Cluster IV contained early flowering genotype and highest mean value for 100-kernel weight and value for kernels per pod and yield/plant. Cluster V contained tall genotype and showed highest mean value for pods per plant and shelling percentage. Cluster VI contained most dwarf genotype and highest mean. value for kernels per pod but lowest value for pod yield per plant.The character contributing maximum to the divergence are given greater emphasis for deciding on the cluster for the purpose of further selection and the choice of parents for hybridization. Plant height contributed maximum to the diversity followed by primary branches per plant and pods per plant. Pod yield per plant and shelling percentage had no contribution towards divergence and the contribution of other characters were not so high. The character contributes maximum to the divergence is given greater emphasis for deciding on the cluster for the purpose of further selection and the choice of parents of hybridization. Based on performance and genetic diversity, the potential genotypes, ICGS-E-55, 4595 and DM-1 can be effectively utilized for planning a hybridization programme in order to obtain better segregants. Selection based on 100-pod weight, plant height, pod setting percentage and number of secondary branches per plant would give better response for the improvement of pod yield in groundnut.

Knowledge Management: Journal