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Solar Radiation and Potential Crop Production at Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.H. Ali
Agricultural Engineering Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear AgricultureP.O. Box-04 Mymensingh-2200. Bangladesh

A.K.M. Adham
Agricultural Engineering Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture P.O. Box-04. ymensingh-2200 Bangladesh

M.S.U. Talukder
Agricultural Engineering Division Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture P.O. Box-04 Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In the context of a crisis in world food supply, it is important to know the maximum possible limit of crop production considering climatic factors. Solar radiation data of Mymensingh was analyzed to estimate the potential crop production. Mymensingh received annual atmospheric radiation of 12,453 MJ/m² . Of this, 30.5 % reached the earth's surface as global radiation. Monthly mean of daily global radiation varied from 8.21 MJ/m²/day in December to 13.09 MJ/m²/day in April. The annual global radiation received was 3,793 MJ/m² . Based on 6.6 % photosynthetic efficiency, the available radiation could produce 92.8 t/ha in Boro and transplanted aman season under optimum conditions of nutrition and other growth factors. Actual maximum dry matter production during these two seasons was 28.0 t/ha (only 30% of the solar potential). Hence, there is ample scope to further increase crop production by 230% in this area. Breeding of crop varieties, selection of suitable crop rotations and agronomic practices can boost up productivity to a potential level through utilization of the available solar energy.

Keywords: Solar radiation,Potential, Crop, Production

Location: BINA, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2003

End Date: 00-00-2004

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To estimate the potential crop production.

Methodology:

The study site was Mymensingh ( 24 °43" N, 90 ° 26. E, and 19 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL)), Bangladesh. Solar radiation and other climatic data were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Yield data were taken from the Annual Report of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) (BINA, 2003 & 2004). Dry matter calculation: Dry matter production for a particular crop season was calculated as (Ghuman and Singh, 1993): DM = AE x Ep x cd (2) where, DM =dry-matter production, Mg/m2-day, AE =available solar energy, MJ/m2- day, Ep = photosynthetic efficiency, and Cd = energy needed (MJ) to produce 1 gm dry matter. For field crop, photosynthetic efficiency (Ep) was taken as 6.6 % (Mitsui eta/., 1977), and energy needed to produce 1 gm dry-matter of field crop was taken as 4226 cal (0.0176.3 MJ). Calculation of atmospheric (extraterrestrial) radiation: The extraterrestrial radiation was calculated following the procedure of Smith et at. (1992): Mxro _ Ra = --- Gsc . dr (Ws sinljJ sino + COSljJ coso Sin Ws) ( 3) n where, Ra Gsc dr 4.1 0 Ws and, =extraterrestrial radiation (MJm-2d_,) =solar constant (MJm-2d- 1 ) = 0.0820 = relative distance of earth and sun = latitude (rad) = solar declination =sunset hour angle (rad) Ws = arccos(-tan 4.1 tan o ) 2n dr = 1 + 0.033 COS (-J) 365 (4) . (5) 2n o 0.409 sin (- J -1.39) 365(6) J = number of the day in the year (Julian day)

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 31(2): 239-243, July, 2004

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Atmospheric radiation received at Mymensingh during summer (April - Sept.) was 36 to 43 MJ/m2/d, which dropped to 23 to 34 MJ/m2/d during winter season . This drop in atmospheric radiation was mainly due to the smaller angle of sun inclination. Radiation intensity is related to the diurnal sun inclination.Around the year, one m2 area normal to the surface facing the sun received atmospheric radiation of 12,453 MJ.Due to reflection and absorption in the atmosphere, about 26 % (in July} to35 % (in December) atmospheric radiation reached the earth's surface as global radiation . The mean annual global radiation received at Mymensingh was 3793 MJ.

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