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Development of Interspecific Hybrids Between Brassica Carinata and B. Rapa (b. Campestris)

M.A. Malek
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P. 0. Box 4, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

L. Rahman
Department Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.L. Das
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, P. 0. Box 4, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

L. Hassan
Department Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Carinata-1 of B. carinata (2n=34, BBCC) and six yellow seeded varieties/line of B. rapa var. 'yellow sarson' (2n=20; AA) were chosen as parents for interspecific crossing. The results showed, on an average 15.7% success in the crosses of Carinata-1 with the six varieties of B. rapa and in contrast, substantially higher rate of success (51.7%) was observed in their reciprocal crosses. The hybrids (ABC) contained 27 somatic chromosomes. The hybrids were morphologically intermediate between the parents, but closer to Carinata-1. The hybrids had shrivelled, pointed tip and pale coloured anthers with reduced filaments and showed 98% - 100% pollen sterility.

Keywords: Brassica, Interspecific hybrids, Morphology, Chromosome number

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture,Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2002

End Date: 00-00-2003

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

To develop hybrids between B. carinata and B. rapa var. 'yellow sarson

Methodology:

Carinata-1 of B. carinata and six yellow seeded varieties (Agrani, Safal, Binasarisha- 6, Sampad. BAU-M/91 and Barisarisha-6) of B. rapa var. 'yellow sarson' were selected for the interspecific crossing. Crosses including reciprocals were attempted between the selected genotypes grown in pots as well as in field condition at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh during winter season of 2002-'03. Young flower buds of appropriate size of the female parents, supposed to open in the next morning, were emasculated and other opened flowers and immature buds were removed. The emasculated buds were then pollinated with fresh pollens collected from the male parents and were bagged immediately with thin brown paper bags. The siliquae bearing hybrid seeds were collected after proper maturation and were stored to grow F1 hybrids in next cropping season.Hybrids with their parents were grown at the same location during winter season of 2003-'04. Young root tips of the germinating F1 seeds were used for somatic chromosome counts. Root tips were at first fixed in acetic alcohol (1:3) after pretreatment in saturated aqueous mono-bromonaphthalene solution for two and half hours. The root tips were then heated in 10% HCI at 60^oC for 12 minutes, and were stained with 1% acetocarmine. The individual chromosome was counted with microscope under oil emmersion. Pollen fertility tests were performed by microscopic examination of pollen grains stained with 1.0% acetocarmine. Pollen grains were scored as viable if round in shape and stained red or non viable if shrunken and unstained. The ratio of stained pollen to the total was expressed as percentage of pollen fertility. Photographs were taken from semi-permanent slides.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 33(1): 21-25, January, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

A total of 3,136 crosses were made and on an average, the crosses gave 15.7% success in siliquae formation and seed setting that finally gave 865 F1 seeds. The average seed setting was 0.28 seeds per pollinated flower and 1.41 seeds per siliqua. The cross Carinata-1 x BAU-M/91 produced the highest number of 0.39 seeds per pollinated flower closely followed by Carinata-1 x Agrani and the lowest in Carinata-1 x Binasarisha-6. Reciprocal crosses in which Carinata-1 was used as male parent, on an average, gave 51.7% success, which was more than three times higher than that of the crosses. The reciprocal cross i. e., BAU-M/91 x Carinata-1 gave the highest success of 55.2% as well as the highest number of 6.02 seeds per pollinated flower along with 10.40 seeds per siliqua. The reciprocal cross Binasarisha-6 x Carinata-1 gave the lowest success of 43.4% having 5.17 seeds per pollinated flower and 10.24 seeds per siliqua. The hybrid plants were morphologically intermediate between the parents, but closer to Carinata-1.The hybrids had shrivelled, pointed tip and pale coloured anthers with reduced filaments and showed 98% -100% pollen sterility.

Knowledge Management: Journal