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Effect of Pesticide Residues on Some Metabolic Enzymes in Laboratory Rats

Jahan Ara Khatoon
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, BAERE, GPO Box No. 3787, Dhaka

M. Arifuzzaman
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

A. Z. Chowdhury
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Hossain
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Effect of chloropyrifos on some metabolic key enzymes of brain and blood serum of rats were studied. Rat chaw treated with 10 and 50 ppm of ¹⁴c chlorpyriphos were stored for one month at room temperature and were fed to the rats. Treated rat chaw was analyzed on 0 and 30 days, after feeding subsequently the rats were tranquilized and pesticide residues were analyzed for the deposition as well as translocation in different organs. Level of metabolic key enzymes namely, GOT, GPT, AP AND acetyl cholinesterase in of brain and blood serum were also analyzed. No remarkable change in the body weight of he experimental rats as influenced by the pesticide residues were observed. The elimination of labeled pesticide in was 38.58% of the applied dose after 24 hours of the feeding and after 120 hours, it was 3.2%. But the elimination through faeces was very little compared to that through urine. Chlorpyriphos residues in extractable fraction were quite high just after initiation of the experiment, which declined after 30 days. Significant variation in weight was observed only for lung and kidney. The blood ChE activity significantly reduced when the rats were fed 10.5 ppm of chlorpyrifos along with normal feed for a period of 30 days. But in case of brain ChE, there was very little variation between control and treatment groups. There was no influence of bound residues on level of serum SGOT and SGPT at the level of 2.5 and 10.5ppm. The increased SAP activity indicates a very mild effect on liver.

Keywords: Pesticide residue, Metabolic enzyme, Laboratory, Rat

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 12-03-1998

End Date: 23-11-1998

Program Area:

Commodity: Insecticide

Objectives:

To study the influence of bound residues in experimental animals, Mode of dissipation and translocation of the pesticide into different organs of the experimental animal and to study the possible adverse effect on activity of enzymes and hematological parameters.

Methodology:

¹⁴[C] chlorpyriphos was obtained from Monaco branch of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) having specific activity of 0.5 mci/mol and chemical purity was of 99%. The labeled chlorpyriphos was dissolved in ethanol in glass vial and stored in a refrigerator. Non-labeled chlorpyriphos was obtained from the IAEA, Vienna, Austria.Thirty (30) healthy rats of 90 days age weighing about 180-200 gm. was purchased from (ICDDRB), and housed in specially designed iron case to facilitate separate collection of food spillage, feces and urine. All the rats were starved for two days before housing. Then they were divided into three groups namely A, B and C. A quantity of 10 ppm and 50 ppm of ¹⁴C -chlorpyriphos treated ground rat chaw stored at room temperature for one month were supplied to A and B groups respectively. Group C treated as control was fed pesticide free chaw. Chlorpyriphos residue in rat chaw was analyzed on 0 and 30 days. During the period of the experiment (30 days) the average feed consumption was 13.50 unit / rat / day. At the end of the experiment, all the rats were tranquilized and blood samples were taken from the heart by cardiac puncture using micropipette. Immediately after blood collection, selected organs (brain, heart, liver lungs, kidneys, muscle, fat bodies) were excised out, weighed, placed in glass vials and stored at -20°C until subsequent analysis for residue.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 31(1): 89-96, January, 2004

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The effect of radio labeled chlorpyrifos on the body weight of rat has been highlighted . Initially at Zero day of the experiment the average body weight of the rats of A, B, and C groups were 183.52, 180.06 and 186.75 gram respectively. After 30 days of the experimental period, the average body weight of the respective groups of rats was 195.36,188.74 and 199.87 gram. It appears that there was a little increase in the body weight of all treatments and control groups which might be due to the effect of growing age of rats, but not due to the effect of chlorpyrifos.In case of control group percent gain was 7.02, where as in group A (given 10 ppm) it was 6.45 percent. However, a significant variation was observed between group B (4.82%) and C (7.02%). It may be noted that group B was given 50 ppm of pesticide along with normal feed which might be the basic cause for the reduction of percent body weight.At 30 days the values were 120.05 and 124.35 U/L against 2.5 and 10.5 ppm, and are very close to the values obtained in case of control group. In case of SGOT no significant variation was observed among different treatment groups. At 0 day SGOT was 110.25 against 2.5 and 108.01 U/L against 10.5 ppm of pesticide. Similar trend was followed after 30 days of the experiment. SGPT activity was initially 56.75 and 54.78 U/L against 2.5 and 10.5 ppm indicating no differences between two-treatment groups. After 30 days the values were 43.45 and 41.01 U/L against 2.5 and 10.5 ppm. From the results presented in Table 6 it appeared that there was no positive or negative influence of bound chlorpyrifos residues on the level of serum SGOT and SGPT at the level of 2.5 and 10.5 ppm of doses. Further research in this line of area should be carried out with the higher doses of chlorpyrifos to see the optimum level of pesticide, which may not be detrimental for the animal system. As far as SAP is concerned, there was a little increase both at 0 and 30 day of the experiment. However the changes were not statistically significant. Observation of the two groups of animals fed on bound residues at dietary level of 2.5 and 10.5 ppm respectively after 30 days did not show any behavioral changes as reported by De Bruin (1976). The increased activity of SAP was an indication of a very mild effect on the liver. In addition chlorpyrifos was studied in relation to its distribution and translocation in different organs of the experimental rats. To do this experiment, a very high concentration of chlorpyrifos was fed to the rats orally and after 24 hours the rats were sacrificed and the muscle, liver and lung were taken out and processed. Eventually high performance liquid chromatographic study was carried out to seed the fate and distribution of the pesticide in different organs. The results are presented in Table 7. It appears that the percent distributions of chlorpyrifos were 12.87, 7.98 and 3.42 in muscle

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