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Jute Mutant Developed for Vegetables Through the Application of Gamma-ray and Ems

K. M. Shamsuzzaman
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh

M. A. K. Azad
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh

M. M. Islam
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh

Munwara Begum

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

It is well known that jute is being used s fibre crop. But it has also many other uses like jute leaf as vegetables. To develop high yielding variety of jute, a mutation breeding work was initiated at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA). Seeds of variety CVL (Corchorus capsularis) were treated with 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 Gy of y-rays and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% concentrations of Ethymethane Sulphonate (EMS) and the M₁population was gown in 1996. a total 49 individual plants were selected from M₃ generation. Among these, CM-18 was found as a dwarf mutant, which possessed higher number of leaves compared to the parent. Remaining 48 mutants are being tested for developing salt tolerant genotypes. With objective to develop high leaf yielding variety of jute for vegetables, a new programme was initiated with the dwarf mutant CM-18. Preliminary, advanced, zonal and farmers' field trials were conducted with the mutant to evaluate its leaf yield potentiality. From the above trials, it was observed that the mutant produced higher leaf yield as vegetables than its parental variety, CVL-1 due to its higher number of leaves and leaf area/plant. Application will be made soon to the National Seed Board for registration of the mutant as a variety.

Keywords: Corchorus capsularis, Moroheiya, Gamma ray, EMS, Jute

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 12-03-1996

End Date: 20-07-1998

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Jute

Objectives:

A mutation breeding programme was initiated with a view to develop jute variety producing more leaf yield.

Methodology:

Seeds of the widely cultivated variety, CVL-1 were treated with 00, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 Gy of y-rays and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% concentrations of EMS to create variability. The treated M₁ seeds were grown at BINA Farm in 1996. Seeds were collected from each M₁ plant and kept separately. A total of 266 individual plants were selected from M₂ generation in 1997 and M₃ plants were grown in plant-progeny-rows in 1998. From these, 49 plants including a dwarf mutant were reselected on the basis of plant height and base diameter. All the mutants, except the dwarf, are being tested in saline area for developing salt tolerant variety of jute. The dwarf mutant CM-18 (Capsularis Mu ant-18) was selected for its extra vegetative growth specially for maximum number of green leaves with soft stem (twig/edible portion) having larger area.Farmers' field trials were carried out with the mutant CM-18 and the parent CVL-1 near the BINA sub-stations at four locations viz., Mymensingh, Rangpur, Mymensingh and lshurdi. The trials were set in no replicated plots size of 10 m x 4.5 m during 2002. Spacing between lines and plants were 15 cm and 2-3 cm, respectively. The experiments were harvested after 4-5 weeks of sowing. Data on seedling height (from 10 plants) and twig weight (from sample area) were recorded. Twig yield was converted into t/ha.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 31(1): 127-131, January, 2004

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Means of seedling height, number of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant and twig weight/plant of the ten randomly selected pants from each entry of preliminary observation trial . The mutant CM-18 was found shorter in height compared to its parent and other check varieties. But it produced the higher number of leaves and larger leaf areas than all the three entries. It also produced the highest twig weight/plant (6.30g) followed by CVL-1 (4.63g). Performance in respect of leaf characters of the dwarf mutant CM-18 along with its parent and check varieties in advanced yield trial . The parent variety, CVL-1 showed the tallest seedling height than all other entries. The dwarf mutant CM-18 produced the highest number of leaves and largest leaf area/plant than all other genotypes. Only twig of the jute plant is being used for vegetables. Due to the highest number of leaves and leaf area/plant of the mutant CM-18, it produced the highest twig weight (3.2 t/ha) than all other genotypes. From the Trials of 10 locations over three years (2000-02). It was revealed that the mutant CM-18 maintained its dwarfism and higher leaf yield or twig weight from the very beginning of the programme. It showed the highest potentiality of twig (vegetables) yield 4.96 t/ha and also showed higher vegetables yield than its parent variety CVL-1. The main characteristics of the mutant are: (i) the mutant CM-18 is a dwarf plant type compared to its parental variety CVL-1, (ii) it has more leaves than CVL-1, (iii) leaves are deep green in colour and (iv) it produces more twig (edible portion) than all other existing jute varieties. It is needed for further evaluation in farmers' field for its twig yield stability. After completion of the evaluation trials, application will be made to the National Seed Board for registration as patshak variety.

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