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Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Groundnut (arachis Hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Phosphorus Fertilization

M. Altab Hossain
On-Farm Research Division, Agricultural Research Station Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute,Shyampur, Rajshahi

A. Hamid
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur

S. Nasreen
Soil and Water Management Section, Horticulture Research Centre, BARl, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was carried out during rabi (winter) season, November 2001 to May 2002 to evaluate the effect of phoshorus fertilizer on nutrient uptake, yield attributes and yield of groundnut. Treatments consisted of four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P₂0₅/ha) and three varieties of groundnuts (Dhaka-1, Zhingabadam and Basantibadam). Application of phosphorus fertilizer increased nutrient uptake, number of mature pods/plant, 100- seed weight and pod yield/plant in three groundnut varieties. Nutrient uptake in Basantibadam was higher than those of Dhaka-1 and Zhingabadam. Variety Basantibadam responded favorably to a phosphorus dose of 90 kg P₂0₅/ha while Dhaka-1 and Zhingabadam produced their highest yield at 60 kg P₂O₅ /ha.

Keywords: Groundnut, P fertilizer, Nutrient uptake, Yield

Location: Gazipur

Start Date: 05-11-2001

End Date: 25-05-2002

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

To determine the effect of phosphorus fertilizer on nutrient (N, P, K and S) uptake pattern and yield of groundnut varieties.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted under semi controlled environment in the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the period from November 2001 to May 2002. The experimental soil was silty loam containing 1.2% organic matter, 0.063% total nitrogen, 9.04 µg/ml available sulphur with a pH of 5.6. The total rainfall during the crop season was 260 mm. Groundnut plant raised in earthen pots (26 cm diameter and 24 cm height) each containing 12 kg soil. Treatments consisted of three varieties (Dhaka-1), Zhingabadam and Basantibadam) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P205/ha). The pots having each treatment were replicated five times and arranged under factorial experiment in completely randomized design. Nutrient uptake in different plant parts of groundnut was determined at three different times corresponding to pre-flowering, pod development and maturity stages. Uptake of nutrients (N, P, K and S) was calculated by multiplying the dry matter or yields with percent content of the respective nutrient and converted in mg/pot for each nutrient. Nitrogen content was estimated by modified kjeldahl digestion calorimetric method . At maturity, number of pod/plant, 100-seed weight and pod yield/plant of groundnut varieties were recorded. Data that collected were subjected to analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) test (P = 0.05) was used for mean separation.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 33(2): 133-139, July, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Nutrient uptake by different plant parts of three groundnut varieties differed significantly due to phosphorus fertilizer application . There was a significant variation among the plant components in pattern of N accumulation over time. Increasing rates of applied phosphorus up to 60 kg/ha enhanced N uptake by leaf, stem, pods and seeds for the Dhaka-1 and Zhingabadam. Further addition of phosphorus fertilizer did not improve uptake of N in both the varieties . In Basantibadam, however, uptake of N increased with the increasing phosphorus application up to 90 kg/ha. Significantly the lowest uptake of N was apparent by different plant parts of groundnut varieties grown without added phosphorus fertilizer. Generally N uptake in Basantibadam was significantly higher than those of Dhaka-1 and Zhingabadam irrespective of phosphorus levels. The uptake of N in leaf increased from pre-flowering to pod development stage and declined at maturity. Such a decrease corresponded to the increase of N uptake in seeds. Decrease of N contents may be attributes to the remobilization of N from vegetative organs to seeds by the time of maturity Results revealed that pod yield and nutrient uptake by the different plant parts of three groundnut varieties responded differently to phosphorus fertilizer application. The highest P uptake and pod yield/plant in Basantibadam was with 90 kg P₂ 0_{5 /}ha and 60 P₂0₅/ha for Dhaka-1 and Zhingabadam

Knowledge Management: Journal