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Mean Performance and Components of Variation in Spring Wheat Under Two Sowing Dates

M. A. A. Bari
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Newaz
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seven spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes and their 21 F₁ progeny generated from diallel cross (without reciprocal) were sown in two sowing dates to study mean performance and 'components of genetic variation. Highly significant differences due to genotypes were observed for all the seven characters under study in both sowing dates. The earliest flowering was observed in cross GaurabxBalaka and Gaurab was the earliest parent for days to maturity; grain yield plant^-1 was highest in Anza under 1st. sowing date. Cross GaurabxBalaka exhibited the highest grain yield plant^-1 and harvest index in 2nd. sowing date. Both additive and dominance components were important for all the seven characters; however, in 100-grain weight only dominant genetic component played major role (1st. sowing). Both additive and dominance components were significant in 1st. sowing date and dominance component was significant in 2nd sowing date for grain yield plan^t-1. Estimates of genetic parameters such as degree of dominance, dominance ratio and narrow heritability were determined in two sowing dates. Positive and negative alleles were asymmetrically distributed for majority of the characters. The dominant and recessive alleles were also unequally distributed in parents for all characters examined. For grain yield plant^-1 narrow sense heritability were recorded as being high (70%) in 1st. sowing but moderate (38%) in 2nd sowing date.

Keywords: Spring wheat, Mean performance, Components of variation, Date of sowing

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 20-11-2004

End Date: 15-04-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine mean performance of the genotypes, determining components of genetic variation and genetic parameters and heritability study for yield and yield contributing characters

Methodology:

The research work comprising 7x7 diallel populations without reciprocal was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The cro.ssing to produce hybrid seeds in diallel fashion was done during early November to mid April, 2004 and field experimentation was done covering the period from November, 2004 to April, 2005 with two sowing dates such as SD1:7th November and SD2:7th December,2004. Seven spring wheat varieties used as parents were Gaurab, Kanchan, Balaka, Sonora, Protiva, Pavon and Anza. The experimental materials are sown in one meter long row representing a plot in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Inter-plant and inter-row distances were 5 and 50 cm, respectively. At maturity 5 plants were randomly selected from each plot of every replication for collecting data and their mean for each character were used for statistical analysis.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 33(2): 189-195, July, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The mean values of different yield and yield contributing characters for parental genotypes and their F₁s in two sowing dates (SD1 and SD2') . Highly significant differences due to genotypes were observed for all the seven characters under study in both sowing dates. Mean values in the 1st sowing shows that flowering was earliest in cross Gaurab x Balaka (52 :3 days). Gaurab was the earliest parent for maturity. Among the cross combinations Gaurab x Sonora and Balaka x Sonora were recorded as the earliest. Highest number of spikes plant^-1 in parent Anza whereas for grains spike^-1 and 100 grain weight cross Protiva x Pavon and parent Gaurab exhibited the highest response. Grain yield plant^-1 was highest in Anza while cross Gauraf) x Anza exhibited highest harvest index. Both additive and dominance gene action were important for the yield and yield contributing characters under study. However, in 100 grain weight only dominant genetic components played major role in 1st sowing date. Therefore, for yield improvement in wheat both additive and dominance gene should be exploited through a suitable breeding program. Positive and negative alleles were asymmetrically distributed for all the characters. The dominant and recessive alleles were also unequally distributed in parents for all the characters examined. High (70%) and moderate (38%) narrow sense heritability were recorded for grain yield plant^-1 in 1st and 2nd sowings respectively. The information of differential estimates of heritability in two sowing dates might be of interest and significance to the wheat breeders.

Knowledge Management: Journal