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Genetic Diversity of Sweet Gourd Through Multivariate Analysis

E. H. M. S. Rahaman
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. G. Rabbani
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

E. J. Garvey
Plant Exchange Officer, USDA/ARS/NGRL. M0-20705, USA

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Through genetic diversity based on multivariate analysis, 81 accessions of sweet gourd were grouped into eight clusters. Among the studied accessions, 39.51% were included in Cluster IV and V, 30.86% in Cluster VI and VIII, and the remaining four clusters were composed of 29.63% of the total accessions. The clustering pattern revealed that the accessions collected from the same region did not fall in a single cluster, which indicated variation using accessions irrespective of their places of collection. The results of the PCA revealed that the first four of the principal component axes accounted for 76.52% of the variation among the genotypes considering 9 characters. The highest inter-genotypic distance (136.59) was observed between the accessions CM061 and CM075 and the lowest (2.13) was in between the genotypes CM005 and CM012. On the other hand, the highest intra and inter-cluster distances were in cluster II (4.94) and in between cluster II and cluster VIII (25.99), respectively. From the cluster means, cluster II was high yielding and, therefore, this cluster ranked first in terms of number of fruits and yield per plant and the accessions of cluster Ill were early type of flowering. Important characters responsible for genetic divergence in the major axis were yield per plant (0.4356) total female flowers (0.4068) and number of fruits per plant (0.3884).

Keywords: Genetic diversity, Multivariate analysis, Sweet gourd

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 06-11-2002

End Date: 12-05-2003

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity:

Objectives:

To characterize the sweet gourd genotypes available in Bangladesh and to study the morphological and genetic divergence among the genotypes.

Methodology:

The field experiment under the present research work was conducted at the Field Laboratory of CVFB project at the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November, 2002 to May, 2003. Eighty one genotypes of sweet gourd were included in this experiment. The soil of the experimental site was medium high land and silty loam in texture. The experimental area was characterized by heavy rainfall, high temperature, high humidity and relatively long days during April to September and scanty rainfall, low humidity, low temperature, and short days during October to March. After final land preparation, sweet gourd seeds were planted in well prepared pits and each pit was 50 cm x 50 cm x 30 cm in size following 2.50 m plant to plant spacing. There were two pits in each replication and three plants in each pit. Normal recommended cultural practices were adopted during experimentation. Data on nine different important yield and yield components were recorded and included in genetic diversity analysis. Genetic diversity of the collected 81 sweet gourd accessions was studied using Mahalanobis' D² statistics . Multivariate analysis techniques were studied using Genstat 5 (Release 4.1) and Microsoft Excel 2000 software.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 33(2): 197-204, July, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the principal component analysis revealed that the first principal axis largely accounted for the variation among the genotypes which alone contributed 35.65% to the variation. The first four of the principal component axes with eigen values above unity accounted for 76.52% of the total variation among the 9 characters describing 81 sweet gourd accessions. Based on principal component, axes I and II, a two dimensional scatter plotting diagram (Z₁-Z₂ of the accessions are constructed. The distribution of 81 accessions of sweet gourd in scattered diagram was apparently distributed into 8 groups. The distributing patterns of the accessions in the scattered diagram revealed that a considerable variation existed among the accessions. Contributions of different characters responsible for genetic divergence in the accessions Vector I (Z ₁) obtained from PCA expressed that the important characters responsible f or genetic divergence in the major axis were yield per plant (0.4356), total female flower per plant (0.4068), number of fruits per plant (0.3884) and total male flower per plant (0.3774). Hence, considerable emphasis should be given on these characters to increase fruit yield in sweet gourd. In Vector II (Z₂₎, which was the second axis of differentiation, flesh thickness (0.0982) played a major role while rest of the characters contributed to a lesser extent in determining genetic divergence. Flesh thickness of fruit for both the vectors was positive across two axes indicating the important component of genetic divergence among the. characters. Negative values in both the vectors for rest of the traits indicated the lowest contribution towards the total divergence of sweet gourd. The 02 and principal component analysis were found to be alternative methods in giving information regarding the clustering pattern and the contribution of characters towards divergence in sweet gourd accessions. It was concluded that all the techniques gave more or less similar results and one technique supplemented and confirmed the results of the other.

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