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Selection for Grain Yield and Yield Components in Spring Wheat

A.K.M. Shamsuddin
Genetics and Plant Breeding Department Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

L. Rahman
Genetics and Plant Breeding Department Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M .A. I slam
Genetics and Plant Breeding Department Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M .A .J . Miah
Genetics and Plant Breeding Department Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Response to selection from F3 to F4 generation was studied in four spring wheat crosses. Direct selection for grain yield was found to be effective in all crosses. The correlated response in grain yield through yield components and other agronomic characters was always lower than direct response in grain yield except that obtained through biological yield in Nobre/Kalyansona. Selection for biological yield in thi s cross gave equal gain in grain yield as observed through direct selection for grain yield. Grain per spike and I 00-grain weight in Nobre/Kalyanson a and plant height and I 00-grain weight in Nobre/Co ndor gave significant correlated response in grain yield . These characters s ho wed more than 70% relative efticiency of selection as compared to I 00% efficiency of direct sel ection for gra in yield. Selection for harvest index and biological y ield at independ en t culling l eve l gave sign ificant correlated response in grain y i eld in th e crosses No bre/ Kalyan so n a a nd Nobre/Condor. Parents Nobre of these crosses was tall suggesting seection for biological yield and harvest index would be effective in the populations with taller back ground.

Keywords: Selection, Grain yield,Wheat

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-1985

End Date: 00-00-1986

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

In the present study, selection was practiced on yield, yield components and other agronomic characters and their efficiencies were evaluated to the direct response in grain yield.

Methodology:

Four F3 populations of the crosses Nobre/ Kalyansona, Nobre/Condor, Taichung 29/Pima 77 and Janak/Sonalika were grown at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in 1985- 86. They were evaluated for grain yield, biological yield, spikes per plant, grains per spike, 100- grain weight, plant height, and harvest index. Top 10% plants were selected for each character independently from each of these populations in F3 generation. In selecting biological yield and harvest index at independent culling level, the plants which had the performance above the population mean of both characters were selected independently in F3 generation. The F4 progenies of selected plants were grown in head to row in 1986-87 in a randomized block design with three replications. The rows were I m in length with 25 em between rows and 5 em between plants in a row. There were 60 families in Nobre/Kalyansona, 89 families in Nobre/Condor, 97 families in Taichung 29/Pima 77 a nd 65 families in Janak/Sonalika in F4 generation. Data were recorded on the characters mentioned before. Response to direct selection for grain yield and different yield contributing characters and correlated response in grain yield through selection for these yield contributing characters were estimated. Relative efficiency of the correlated response was estimated as the ratio of correlated response to the direct response in grain yield. Heritability of the characters was estimated in standard unit (Frey and Horner, 1957). Realized heritability was estimated as the ratio of selection response in F4 to selection differential in F3 and expressed in percentage.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J . Plant Breed. Genet., 7(1): 1-5, 1 994

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present study, direct selection for grain yield was found to be more effective than indirect selection through yield components and other agronomic characters. Similar results were previously reported by Dhanasoban and Smith (I 978) and O'Brien el a!. ( 1978). Although se lection for biological yield and some of the yield components increased grain yield in Nobre/ Kalyansona, Nobre/Condor and Taichung 29/ Pima 77, their relative efficiencies were generally lower than that of direct selection for grain yield. However, there is a scope for improving grain y ield through selection for biological yield and harvest index at independent culling level in the populations with tall background. Unlike semidwarf genotypes, tall genotypes have hi g h biological yield and low harvest index. If harvest index of the tall genotypes is increased keeping the plant height in reasonable ranges (preferably single gene dwarf) so that it does not lodge and this will increase grain yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal