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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Elevated C02 on Dry Matter Production and Yield of Rice Cultivars

M.A. RAZZAQUE
Scientific Officer
Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI,Rahmatpur, Barisal

M. M. HAQUE
Professor
Agronomy Division, BSMRAU, Gazipur

M.A. HAMID
Professor
Agronomy Division,BSMRAU, Gazipur

Q. A . KHALIQ
Professor
Agronomy Division, BSMRAU, Gazipur

A. R . M. SOLAIMAN
Professor
Soil Science Division, BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the year 2003 to find out the dry matter production and yield of rice cultiv ars under different nitrogen levels and growing conditions. Thirty-day old single seedlings were transplanted in pot and were placed in 3 growing conditions, such as i) Open top chamber (OTC) with elevated C0₂ (570 ±50 ppm), ii) OTC with ambient C0₂ (360 ±50 ppm), and iii) open field condition. The three nitrogen levels used were, i) control, ii) optimum dose, and iii) supra optimum dose. Three rice cultivars used in the experiment were, i) BRRI dhan 39, ii) Khashkani, and iii) Shakkarkhora. Rice yield and dry matter production respond significantly to different environments. Increasing atmospheric C0₂ increased grain yield. Stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, leaf sheath dry weight and root dry weight were increased in elevated C0₂ than ambient C0₂ and field condition. BRRI dhan 39 gave highest yield (50.82 g/plant) at supra optimum N level in elevated C0₂. Local variety gave similar result under elevated C0₂ in optimum and supra optimum N levels. The lowest yield ( 15.09 g/plant) was produced by Shakkorkhora in field condition with no nitrogen application.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Elevated C02, Yield and Dry matter.

Location: Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur,

Start Date: 01-07-2003

End Date: 31-12-2003

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To determine the effect of higher nitrogen fertilizer under elevated C0₂, which increases dry weight of rice plant as a result, increased yield of rice cultivars.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted at Bangbandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during the rainy season from July to December 2003. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized block design with three replications. Three rice varieties were grown with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer under three C0₂ conditions. The rice varieties were BRRI dhan39 (modern), Khaskani (local), and Shakkorkhora (local). Three levels of nitrogen fertilizer were optimum dose, supra optimum dose, and control (without N application). Optimum dose for modern variety was 90 kg N/ha and for local 60 kg N/ha (BARC, 1997). Supra optimum dose for modern and local variety was 135 kg N/ha and 90 kg N/ha, respectively, which was 1.5 times higher than their optimum dose. Crop growing conditions with C0₂ were elevated C0₂, ambient C0₂, and open field. Crop under the 'elevated C0₂ ' was grown in open top chamber (OTC) at a C02 concentration of 570 ± 50 ppm, while the ambient COz' treatment was maintained at the ambient C0₂concentration of -360 ppm in OTC. The 'open' treatment consisted of crops grown under open field condition at ambient C02 concentration. Construction procedure of OTC was followed according to Uprety (1998) (Photo graph enclosed). The rice plants were grown in plastic pots containing approximately 12 kg clayed soil. The treatments were replicated thrice and each pot had one seedling. Thirty-day old seedlings of each variety were planted on 2 August 2003. Modem variety was harvested on 14 November 2003 and local variety Khaskani harvested on 4 December and Shakkorkhora was harvested on 10 December. A .blanket dose of 20 kg P, 60 kg . K, 20 kg S, and 3.5 kg Zn were applied prior to transplanting, while nitrogen was applied in three installments at 4, 21, and 52 days after transplanting. Cultural practices, such as weeding, irrigation, and application of pesticide were done as and when necessary. Standing water of 2 em above the soil was maintained until the crops attained hard dough stage. After harvesting, the plants were segmented into leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem, and panicle.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J . Agril. Res. 34(2) : 313-322, June 2009 ISSN 0258-7122

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the experiment, it can be concluded that the rising C0₂and higher nitrogen both were the increase dry matter production which also translocates dry matter from plants to grain and also increased grain yield of rice cultivars. Modern variety (BRRI dhan39) highly responded under higher C0₂ and higher nitrogen level.

Knowledge Management: Journal