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Seed Priming and Seedling Establishment Under Anaerobic Conditions

K S Akter
Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh.

J K Biswas
Plant physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

H N Barman
Plant physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Three different experiments were conducted to study better seedling establishment under oxygen depleted conditions through different seed priming methods at Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, from July to October 2007. The priming treatments were KNO₃ (ψ = -1.25MPa), NaCl (ψ = - 1.25MPa), CaCl2 (ψ = -1.25MPa) and hydropriming along with a control. The studies were conducted with six rice genotypes viz, BRRI dhan29, Jahmir, Bashful, Banajira, BRRI dhan28 and Boro 109/2. At first in an in vitro study, seedlings were allowed to grow under different aerobic and hypoxic condition. Strict anoxic condition was maintained for the second experiment. The third experiment was conducted under drained and lowland conditions. Under hypoxia most of the anoxia tolerant genotypes had their elongated coleoptiles. Therefore, the variety should withstand the lowland conditions. Accordingly Jahmir had elongated coleoptile as well as elongated leaves in some treatments under oxygen depleted conditions. With few exceptions, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were able to produce more or less elongated coleoptile under the oxygen depleted conditions. Therefore, these genotypes should have the ability to establish seedling under lowland conditions. But they were not able to establish seedlings under lowland conditions. However, BRRI dhan29 had good number of seedlings establishment when the seeds were treated with hydro-priming treatments. Under lowland conditions, CaCl₂ showed some interesting influence of seedling establishment for the designated anoxia- tolerant genotypes like Jahmir, Bashful and Banajira. In contrast, Boro 109/2 was enhanced by NaCl.

Keywords: Seed priming, Seedling establishment, Anaerobic conditions

Location: Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-07-2007

End Date: 00-08-2007

Program Area: Seed Technology

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

To achieve better seedling establishment under hypoxic (oxygen depleted) condition through different seed priming methods.
To compare the eligibility of different seed priming methods.
To observe the simple mechanism of seed priming in the enhancement of seedling establishment under hypoxic conditions.

Methodology:

The research work was carried out from July to August 2007 at Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur. Seeds (BRRI dhan29, Jahmir, Bashful, Banajira, BRRI dhan28 and Boro109/2) were collected from Plant Physiology Division, BRRI. The genotypes were tolerant to anaerobic conditions except BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29. The initial moisture content were in between 10-12.0%. Germination percentage of these seeds was more or less 99%.Osmopotential (ψ = -1.25MPa), chemical solutions of KNO3 (30.0 g/L), NaCl (16.4 g/L) and CaCl₂ (22.2g/L) were prepared as per Ruan et al., (2002) and Farooq et al., (2006). The seed priming treatments were T1 = KNO₃, T2 = NaCl, T3 = CaCl₂, T4 = Hydropriming, T5 = No priming. Twenty-five gram of seeds were soaked in 50 ml of solutions (Chemical priming) or distilled water (hydropriming) at room temperature (27±2°C). The seeds were soaked for 24 hours for chemical primimg and 48 hours for hydropriming. The ratio of seed weight to solution volume was 1:5 (g/mL). The seeds were then surface washed thrice, dried to the previous moisture level under forced air (Fan) under room condition and stored in a tightly fitted glass bottle at 5°C for the study.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 16(1):47-54, June 2012 ISSN 1025-7330

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Primed seeds usually exhibit increased and uniform germination rate (Basra et al., 2005) which are attributed to metabolic repair during imbibition (Bray et al., 1989) to build up of germination enhancing metabolites (Basra et al., 2005), osmotic adjustment (Bradford, 1986), and for seeds that are not redried after treatment, a simple reduction in the lag time of imbibition (Bradford, 1986). Seed priming ensured the proper hydration, which resulted in enhanced activity of a-amylase activity that hydrolysed the macro starch molecules into smaller and simple sugars (Farooq et al, 2006). When the seedling has to come up from the anaerobic conditions, the biochemistry from the aerobic condition must be different. One of the primary effects of anaerobic conditions is the reduction in respiratory activity resulting in reduction in levels of ATP and accumulation of NADH. Ethanolic fermentation enables the pyruvate to be routed through an alternative pathway causing lower levels of ATP production and concomitantly, regeneration of NAD for the continuation of respiration, of course in low level (Grover et al, 1995). There is, of course, genotype variation of ethanolic fermentation to compensate energy under the stress.

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