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Refinement of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Method for Rice Cultivation

Priya Lal Chandra Paul
Scientific Officer
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

M.A. Rashid
Chief Scientific Officer
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701.

Mousumi Paul
Agriculture Extension Officer
Department of Agricultural Extension, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were conducted at BRRI farm Gazipur during Boro season 2010-12 to determine maximum depth of water level below ground surface in alternate wetting and drying (AWD) method. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four irrigation treatments. The treatments of AWD method were: T₁ = continuous standing water, T₂= irrigation when water level reached 15 cm below ground level, T₃ = irrigation when water level reached 20 cm below ground level and T4 = irrigation when water level reached 50 cm below ground level. The experiment involved BRRI dhan28 as a test crop. The treatment T₂ gave the highest grain yield (5.9 and 6.2 ton/ha) in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Maximum benefits per hectare were found Tk. 5476 and 4931 for using 807 and 880 mm water during 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively and thus water productivity was 7.1 kg/ha-mm in T₂ for both the seasons. Continuous standing (T₁) water (1013 and 1100 mm) gave comparable grain yield 5.7 and 6.0 ton/ha in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Minimum water productivity was found in treatment T₁ (5.6 and 5.4 kg/ha-mm) for both the seasons. Application of irrigation when water was 15 cm below soil surface was found most profitable in AWD system and the grain yield was decreased when water level was below 15 cm depth. Therefore, the recommended AWD technology could increase rice yield and save irrigation water by 25-30 percent.

Keywords: Boro rice, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation,Yield, Water productivity

Location: BRRI research farm, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

(i) To determine optimum depth of water level below ground surface in rice field after disappearing of standing water.

(ii)To determine amount of saving water with satisfactory grain yield.

(iii) To determine economic viability of AWD method for Boro rice cultivation.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at BRRI research farm, Gazipur during Boro season 2010-12. Four irrigation treatments were used and each replicated thrice. The treatments were: T₁ = Continuous standing water, T₂ = Irrigation (5-7 cm) when water was 15 cm below the soil surface, T₃ = Irrigation (5-7 cm) when water was 20 cm below the soil surface and T₄ = Irrigation (5-7 cm) when water was 50 cm below the soil surface. Unit plot size was 11 m x 6 m. Each plot was separated by 1 m of buffer zone, while each of the replications was demarcated by a buffer zone of 1.5 m. Seedlings were raised outside the experimental field and 40-day old seedlings were transplanted at 20 x 15 cm spacing. BRRI recommended (Adunik dhaner chash) cultural and fertilizer management practices were followed in growing rice. The whole amount of P, K, Zn and S were applied as basal at the final land preparation. Urea was top-dressed in three equal splits at 15 DAT, 30 DAT and 50 DAT. Three hand weeding and one spraying were applied to control weeds and attack of insect-pest respectively. Irrigation water was applied through plastic pipe from the source and a volumetric method was used for measuring irrigation water. Perforated PVC pipe was installed up to a depth of 15, 20, and 50 cm below ground surface for monitoring perched water table depth at field level. Field water depth, rainfall and evaporation were recorded during the season. Initial soil moisture content of each plot was measured before starting each irrigation. Rice yield was assessed on the basis of 5 square meter area. Harvested paddy was threshed, cleaned and weighed to determine yield. Finally, grain yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content. Quantitative information related to yield and all the yield contributing characters like, panicle per square meter, filled and unfilled grain per panicle and water productivity were analyzed to obtain the effect of AWD on rice yield.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 17(1&2): 29-33, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The treatment T₂ gave the highest grain yield (5.9 and 6.2 ton/ha) in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Maximum benefits per hectare were found Tk. 5476 and 4931 for using 807 and 880 mm water during 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively and thus water productivity was 7.1 kg/ha-mm in T₂ for both the seasons. Continuous standing (T₁) water (1013 and 1100 mm) gave comparable grain yield 5.7 and 6.0 ton/ha in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Minimum water productivity was found in treatment T₁ (5.6 and 5.4 kg/ha-mm) for both the seasons. Application of irrigation when water was 15 cm below soil surface was found most profitable in AWD system and the grain yield was decreased when water level was below 15 cm depth. Therefore, the recommended AWD technology could increase rice yield and save irrigation water by 25-30 percent.

Knowledge Management: Journal