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Growth and Yield of Wheat Varieties Under Late Sown Conditions

R. R. Saha
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701

M Biswas
Agronomy Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur-2000

M. A. K. Mian
Agronomy Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna

M. Z. AliI a
Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701

P. C. Golder
Planning and Evaluation Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the research field of Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, RARS Jamalpur and Ishurdi during rabi season of 2010-11 to determine crop phenology, growth and yield of wheat varieties under late sown condition when the crop faced higher temperature. Eight wheat varieties viz. Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, Gourab, Sourav, BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 were sown on 30 November, 15 December (20 December at Joydebpur) and 30 December. Results revealed that both emergence and tiller initiation occurred 2-3 days earlier in 30 November sown crop than that of 20 December and 30 December sowing. At 30 November sowing, maximum tillering, booting, heading and anthesis occurred 1-2 days delay but anthesis to maturity took 3-6 and 6-8 days more than that of 20 December and 30 December sowing, respectively. Among the varieties, Shatabdhi took maximum time for booting (58 days), heading (68 days) and anthesis (72 days) followed by Prodip, Sourav, BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 and these varieties needed maximum time for maturity (114 days) at 30 November sowing. Shatabdi also took slightly longer time for booting, heading, and anthesis compared to other varieties both at 20 December and 30 December sowing but all the varieties matured at the same time i.e., 106 and 101 days at 20 December and 30 December sowings, respectively. The crop growth rate gradually increased up to 90 days after sowing (DAS) in all the varieties at three different sowing dates and it declined from 90 DAS to maturity while declining rate was higher with delaying of sowing time. At 30 November sowing, grain dry weight/spike slowly increased but grain growth duration was longer and finally higher dry matter accumulated in grain/spike compared to that of 20 and 30 December sowing. Grain yield showed declining trend in all the varieties under late sown condition irrespective of locations. Across over the locations, BARI Gom 26 produced maximum grain yield (4.21 t/ha) followed by Shatabdi (4.09 t/ha) at 30 November sowing and it also observed that BARI Gom 26 yielded better (3.22 t/ha) followed by Sourav (2.97 t/ha) under late sown condition (30 December sowing).

Keywords: Wheat, Late sown, Crop growth rate, Growth duration, Yield

Location: Joydebpur, Jamalpur, Ishurdi

Start Date: 00-11-2010

End Date: 00-04-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the crop phenology, growth and yield of wheat varieties under late sown condition when the crop faced higher temperature.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the research field of Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur (AEZ- 28), RARS Jamalpur (AEZ- 9) and Ishurdi (AEZ- 11) during the period from November 2010 to April 2011. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3 m x 3 m. Eight wheat varieties viz. Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, Gaurab, Saurav, BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26) were sown at 30 November 15 December (20 December at Joydebpur) and 30 December. Fertilizers were applied @ 100-60-40-20 kg/ha N-P-K-S, respectively in the form of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum. The 2/3 N and all other fertilizers were applied as basal and the rest 1/3 N was top dressed at 20 days after sowing. Other intercultural operations like weeding, irrigation, pesticides application were done as the requirement of proper crop growth. Data were taken on phenology i.e., days to emergence, tiller initiation, maximum tillering, booting, heading, anthesis and maturity at Joydebpur location. Plant samples were collected at 30 days interval for measuring crop growth rate and spikes were collected at 41 days interval from 80 days after sowing up to maturity for determining dry matter accumulation in grain/spike.Crop growth rate was computed using the formula of Gardner et al. (1985). Ten plants were collected randomly from each plot for yield components and yield data were recorded as plot basis. Collected data were statistically analyzed and means were separated by LSD test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2011, 14 (1&2): 33-42, ISSN 1013-1922

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the study it revealed that late sown condition (30 December sowing) affected all the tested varieties in terms of phenology, crop and grain growth which ultimately reduced the grain yield due to prevailing high temperature. Across over the locations it is concluded that BARI Gom 26 followed by Sourav may be suitable under late sown condition for better yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal