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Effect of Drought on Physiology and Yield Contributing Characters of Sunflower

M. I. HOSSAIN
Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Panchagarh

A. KHATUN
RFS Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur,

M. S. A. TALUKDER
RFS Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur,

M. M. R. DEWAN4
RFS Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur,

M. S. UDDIN
DAE, Khamarbari, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted during 1995 to April 1996 at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the effect of drought stress at various levels with a view to studying the physiological characters of sunflower associated with yield under drought condition. Two varieties ( Kironi and Hysan-55) and five drought cycles were i) Daily watering, ii) 1 day without water, iii) 2 days without water, iv) 3 days without water, and v) 4 days without water imposed in the study. As a whole, drought treatment reduced the yield and yield contributing characters of sunflower. In most cases, the rate of reduction was higher in plants that received 4 days drought cycle followed by 3 days. The minimum reduction was observed in plants that received 1 and 2 days drought cycle. The growth parameters (CGR, RGR, NAR, and LAI) were reduced under drought treatments. Similar trend was followed in case of CSI values and RWC of the leaves. The rate of reduction for most of characters was higher in Hysan- 55 than that of Kironi. Thus, the variety Kironi was found better than Hysan-55 in respect of physiological adaptation associated with yield under drought condition.

Keywords: Drought, Physiology, sunflower.

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-11-1995

End Date: 01-04-1996

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sunflower

Objectives:

To investigate the physiological adaptation associated with yield attributes to different levels of drought in sunflower.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the potyard of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 1995 to April 1996. The soil was a sandy loam with pH (6.8), total N (0.12%), available P (19 ppm), exchangeable K (0.36 m.eq./ 100 g), available S (10 ppm), organic carbon (0.8%), and organic matter (1.38%). The field capacity of the soil was 32% (dry basis). Two varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were Kironi (DS-1) and Hysan-55 was used for the study. The collected soils were well-pulverized and dried. Each pot was filled in with 8 kg soil. Three seeds of each variety were sown in each pot on 30 November 1995. Seedling emergence was recorded within 7-8 days. One healthy seedling per pot was allowed to grow when seedlings were 10-12 cm in height. The seedlings were considered established at 30 days after sowing. Five-drought treatments, viz., daily watering (D), one day without water (1), two days without water (2), three days without water (3), and four days without water (4) were tested. The experiment was conducted in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Sixty seedlings of each variety were established of which 15 seedlings were randomly selected at each harvest. A total of four harvests were made. Irrigation was applied up to its filled capacity level in each pot of each treatment received optimum moisture at growing medium. An estimate was made by randomly selected three pots of each treatment and watering them slowly until water leached from the base. After two hours, the leached water was measured and subtracted from the original volume applied. The average volume of water applied to the three pots was considered to be the optimum pot capacity and this volume was given to all other pots of the same treatment.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 113-124, March 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Drought cycle showed significant difference in different days after sowing where daily watering produced significantly highest LAI at all the stages in variety Hysan than Kironi. It was also revealed that both the varieties produced increased LAI up to 75 DAS. Among the interactions between drought and varieties, it was found that the rate of reduction in variety Kironi under daily watering to 1, 2, 3, and 4-day drought cycles were 2.70, 10.81, 16.21, and 22.97 percent at 45 DAS and 5.19,10.85,16.04 and 24.06 percent at 60 DAS; 4.08, 9.85, 15.86, and 25.95 percent at 75 DAS; whereas variety Hysan-55, the values were 7.23, 13.25, 24.10, and 43.37 percent at 45 DAS; 4.55, 13.18, 23.18, and 37.72 percent at 60 DAS; and 5.71, 22.6, 27.17, and 42.23 percent at 75 DAS, respectively. Daily watering showed highest LAI at all the growth stages in case of variety Hysan than Kironi.From the above observation, it may be concluded that the variety Kironi was found better than Hysan-55 in respect of physiological adaptation associated with yield under drought condition as drought was found more severe in Hysan-55 than in Kironi and the variety Kironi showed good performance to drought tolerance.

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