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Dry Matter Production Along with Zinc and Copper Distribution in Different Parts of Red Amaranth (amaranthus Gangeticus L.) as Influenced by Industrial Sludge.

M. A. Rauf
Dhaka University, Bangladesh

M. M. U. Miah
Dhaka University, Bangladesh

M. A. Zoebisch
Dhaka University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted to explore the potential of industrial sludge on dry matter production and as a source of selected heavy metals, their concentrations and distribution patterns in plants. This investigation was carried out using red amaranth as test crop in a Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of jive combinations of different proportions of urea and industrial sludge, and a control (with no treatment). Red amaranth was harvested at 30 and 42 Days after sowing (DAS). Soil, industrial sludge, and root, stem and leaves of plant were analyzed to determine their nutrient and heavy metal contents. The highest dry weights of root (0.81 g pot^-1), stem (4.86g po^t-1 and leaf(2.03g po^t-1) were recorded with the treatment of 100% N from urea at 42 DAS. Dry weights of root, stem and leaf observed about twice at 42 DAS than that of 30 DAS in every treatment combination. In the treatment of 100% industrial sludge the highest Zn content was recorded in root (37.7 mg kg - 1) followed by leaf (32.88 mg kg^-1) and then stem( 26.80 mg kg^-1) at 30 DAS. Similarly the highest Cu content was observed in root ( 16.65 mg kg^-1) followed by leaf ( 13.88 mg kg^-1') and then stem (5.58 mg kg^-1) in the same treatment of 100% industrial sludge at 30 DAS. Both Zn and Cu contents did not exceed the limit of WHO, but only Zn content in root ( 37.7 mg kg^-1) exceeded limit of USEPA. Application of industrial sludge had a significant effect on dry weight, concentration and distribution of Zn and Cu in root, stem and leaf of red amaranth.

Keywords: Dry matter production, Zinc, Copper, Industrial sludge.

Location: Soil Science division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gajipur.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Amaranth

Objectives:

To determine the content and distribution of zinc and copper in different parts of red amaranth, so as to assess phytotoxicity

Methodology:

A pot experiment was carried out with different combinations of urea and industrial sludge in the shade house of Soil Science division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gajipur. Red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeti cus L.) the test crop, was grown in the pots containing 5.0 kg oven dry soil treated with different combinations of industrial sludge and urea). The experiment was arranged in the Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. Nitrogen (250 kg/ha) Phosphorous (40 kg/ha) and Potassium (112.5 kg/ha) were applied as per recommendation guide of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (1997). Accordingly, each pot contains approximately 0.6, 0.09, and 0.25 mg kg^-1 N, P and K, respectively, including sludge nutrient. Six plants were maintained in each pot. The crop was harvested at 30 and 42 DAS. Three soil columns were collected from each pot using acore samples to the depth of 20 cm. Then these samples were mixed to make a composite sample, air-dried, ground, sieved and stored in labeled polythene bags for laboratory analysis. Plant height was measured just prior to harvesting, in which the height of every plant in each pot from the soil level up to the apical bud was measured and average plant height was calculated and recorded. Carbon was determined using the dry combustion method, for which the LECO Model C 200 analyzer was used. Total N was estimated by Micro-Kjeldhal method. Later, soil and Industrial sludge were extracted with ammonium acetate for determination of available Ca, Mg and K, DTPA extraction method was used for available Zn and Cu determination and Olsen method for available. P determination. Plant extracts were prepared, by nitric (HN0₃) acid (68%) digestion method using a specified weight of ground materials for computing total amount of selected elements. From the above soil, industrial sludge and plant extracts, P was determined colorimetrically (using spectrophotometer UV-Model lamda 11) K flame emission spectrophotometerically (using flame photometer Model Jenway pfp-7), Ca and Mg Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometrically (using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Parkin Elmer Model-3110) and available Zn and Cu were also estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometrically (using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Parkin Elmer Model-3110), by DTPA extraction method.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil Sci. 36( 1-2): 67-72, 20 l 0

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The treatment combinations of 50% urea: 50% industrial sludge, and in 25% urea: 75 % industrial sludge were recorded Cu content in root, stem and leaf statistically similar on the other hand, the lowest copper concentration recorded in stem (2.54 mg kg^-1) followed by leaf (5.11 mg kg-¹) and then root (6.01 mg kg^-1) in control at 30 DAS. There was a decreasing trend in Cu content in root, stem and leaf at 42 DAS in respect of all treatment combinations. Similar to Zn, Copper concentration m industrial sludge influenced content and distribution of Cu in red amaranth. Copper is readily available to plants from industrial sludge through out the growing period and sludge could be used as a Cu supplement in soils, where it is deficient. Therefore, from the above results it may be concluded that industrial sludge was a potential source of heavy metal s like Zn and Cu. Plant content of Zn and Cu from industrial sludge and their (Zn and Cu) distribution in different plant parts (root, stern & leaves) did not exceed higher limit of WHO. According to USEPA (1987), the highest level of Zn considered be toxic is 35 mg kg^-1 for red amaranth / lettuce. So, in this case Zn content in root (37 .7 mg kg-¹ dry matter) at 30 DAS (uses 100% industrial sludge) is hig her than maximum limit. In respect of dry matter production, industrial sludge had no positive influence during short duration red amaranth experimentation.

Knowledge Management: Journal