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Research Detail

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A. H. M. Z. Ali
Department of Soil.Water and Environment, University of Dhaka. Bangladesh

M. A. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Nageswari Degree College, Rangpur.

M. K. Rahman
Department of Soil.Water and Environment, University of Dhaka. Bangladesh

Physical and chemical  properties of surface (0-15  cm) and  subsurface (> 15-25 cm) soils in maize growing areas of   Rangpur sadar,  Badarganj, Pirgacha, Mithapukur and Taraganj upazilas in Rangpur district were evaluated. In most cases, surface soil contains higher moisture than subsurface soils. Bulk density of subsurface soils was higher than surface soils with a range of 1.3 to 1.55 gcm·3 arid 1.35 to 1.88 g cm-3, respectively. Textural distribution of soils of these upazilas varied from light to heavy, i.e., loam to silty clay. The pH of the surface and subsurface soils varied from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.1 to 6.2, respectively. The average values of organic  matter content of soils were 0.94 and 0.55%  in surface and subsurface  soils, respectively. The total N P K content in surface soils of these upazilas varied from 0.09 to 0.23. 0.02 to 0.08 and 0.2  to  1.4%, respectively,  and  in  subsurface  soils  0.09  to  0.25,  0.01  to  0.09  and  0.2  to  1   %, respectively. Physical status of these five upazilas revealed that textural condition of the soil was suitable for maize production. On the other hand, chemical status of these soils indicates pH was suitable, but the NPK levels were lower for optimum production of maize.

 

  Soils, Soil physical and chemical properties, Maize, Crop
  Rangpur sadar, Mithapukur. Pirganj, Badarganj, and Taraganj under Rangpur district.
  
  
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Soil fertility, Maize

To evaluate  the  physical  and  chemical  properties  of soils in maize growing areas of five upazilas in Rangpur  district  of  Bangladesh for suitability of this crop.

Rangpur dtrict consists of eight upazilas. Five of these upazilas were selected, i. e. Rangpur sadar, Mithapukur.  Pirganj, Badarganj, and Taraganj on the basis of intensity of maize cultivation. In Rangpur sadar upazila three villages, i.e., north Binodpur  (R I, R2), south Binodpur (R3, R4) and Dharmadas (R5, R6) were selected under Darsana and Tampat  union. In Badarganj  upazila, three villages,  i.e., Sontospur  (R7,R8), Mainarpara (R9, RIO),  and Munshipara   (Rll,  Rl2) under Madhapur  union. In Pirgacha uapazila, Deuti (R 13, Rl4) and Gulal (Rl5, R16) villages under Parul umon. In Mithapukur upazila, Koddomuradpur (Rl7, Rl8) and Kesobpur (Rl29,R20)  villages under   Pairabandth union. In Taraganj  upazila Pataipara (R21, R22)  village under Hariakuti union. Soil samples were collected from two depths, viz, surface (0-15 em) and subsurface (> 15- 30 cm)  at  each  locations.   Each sample   was a composite sample of five sub-samples.   Samples were collected by augar boring method.  Notations for surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface soils (> 15-25 cm)  were  (Rl, R3,  R5,  R7,  R9,  Rll, Rl3,   RJ5, Rl7, Rl9,  and  R21)  and  ( R2, R4, R6,  R8, RIO, Rl2,  Rl4,  RJ6,  RJ8, R20 and R22), respectively. Moisture contents of the soil samples at field condition were determined by gravimetric method (Klute, 1986).  Hydrometer method (Bouyoucos, 1962)  was used for determining the percentage of sand, silt and clay and the textural class of the soil was  determined by "Textural  triangular coordinates".  Bulk density of the soil was determined by core method at field condition. Soil pH was measured electrometrically using a Corning Glass Electrode pH meter (Model-7) at a soil: water ratio of I: 2.5 (Jackson, 1967). Organic carbon content of the soil was determined volumetrically following Walkley and Black's Wet Oxidation method (1934).  Organic matter content of the soil was then calculated by multiplying the percentage of organic carbon with "Van Bemmelen Factor" of 1 .724. Total nitrogen content of the soil was determined by Micro-Kjeldhal's method following sulphuric acid digestion and steam distillation.  Total  phosphorus (P) content of  the soil  was  determined  by Spectrophotometer following (HN03:  HCJ04)  acid   digestion.  Available  P was also  determined by Spectrophotmeter  by extracting  the soil with ammonium  fluoride  and  HCI  solution.  Total potassium (K) content of the soil was determined Flame Photometrically by Gallenkamp  Flame   Analyser   following (HN03: HCI04) acid digestion.  Available  K was also determined by Flame analyzer by extracting the soil with ammonium acetate solution (pH= 7.0).

  Bangladesh J. Soi Sci. 36(1-2): 81-85, 2010
  
Funding Source:
  

The   average values   of organic carbon   were 0.55 and 0.32% for surface and subsurface soils, respectively,  and the corresponding   value of organic matter  were  in the ranges  of 0.94 to 0.55%. Soil organic matter suitable for maize varies from 0.8 to 1.16% (BARI, 2003). As a result, soil organic matter contents of these upazilas were comparatively low in comparison to suitable range. Collected soils are under continuous tillage for maize production which might lead to decrease in organic matter content. The average values of available N   (N03-+NH4+),  P and  K in  the  surface and  sub-surface soils  of  these  upazilas   were  91.36  and  162.73,  6.0 and  5.0,  9.09  and  6.27  mg/kg,   respectively. The total N content in  surface and subsurface soils  of these upazilas   varied   from  0.09  to 0.23%   with  a mean  of 0. 14% and  0.09  to 0.25%  with  a  mean  of 0. 16%, respectively. Nitrogen content of surface mineral soils normally ranges from 0.02 to 0.5%, a value    of   about   0. 15% being   representative   for cultivated soils. The available phosphorus in  surface   and   subsurface ·oils varied from 3 to I0 with a mean of 6 and 2 to 14  with a  mean  of  5  mg/kg,   respectively. The critical limit of  available   phosphorus in  soil is 7 mg/kg (BARC, 2005). Thus,  the  results  indicated that all soils are deficient  in phosphorus. The available potassium in surface  and subsurface soils varied from 5 to 16 with a mean of 9.09  and 4 to 9 with a mean of 6.27  mg/kg,  respectively. The average K content  was also  deficient in all soils (BARC,2005). As a result, the present experiment revealed that the  primary  essential  nutrients   NPK should  be  added  in  the form  of  fertilizer   of optimum maize production.

  Journal
  


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