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Impact of Phosphorus on Yield and Quality of Soybean (glycine Max L.)

R. M. Morshed
Corres ponding author. 6/5, Humayun Road 3rd Floor). Block-B. Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka -1342, Bangladesh

M.A. Rahman
Soil Resource Development Institute, Regional Laboratory, Mymensingh. Bangladesh.

Sharmin Akhter
Soil Resource Development Institute, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate. Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the nature's most versatile plants and produces an abundant protein and oil in both temperate and tropical environments. The approximate composition of soybean is 40-45 % protein, 18-20 % edible oil, 24-26 % carbohydrate and a good amount of vitamins. A number of workers like Sharma and Namdeo (1999), Raj put and Shrivastava (1994) have reported the positive role of phosphorus (P) increasing the yield, protein content and nutrient uptake of soybean. Unfortunately, there is a lack of sufficient work on the yield, protein content and nutrient uptake of soybean due to application of P at different levels in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study is undertaken to find out the optimum level of P for better yield, protein content and nutrient uptake of soybean.

Keywords: Soybean, Soil, Phosphorus, Yield of soybean, Better yield, Protein content, Nutrient uptake.

Location:

Start Date: 00-00-2004

End Date: 00-00-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Soybean

Objectives:

To find out the optimum level of P for better yield, protein content and nutrient uptake of soybean.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted at the experimental space of Botany Department, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, during rabi season of 2004-2005 with a view to find out the optimum level of P for soybean cultivation. The chemical properties of the experimental soil were total nitrogen (%): 0.04, available phosphorus (ppm): 16.36, exchangeable potassium (meq. 1100 g soil): 0.32, available sulphur (ppm): 27.82 and soil pH: 5.3. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. Each treatment was replicated thrice. P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 represent 0, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of BARC recommended dose of P, respectively. Phosphorus was applied as TSP. In addition to P, other nutrients such as N, K and S were applied @ 21.16 kg, 7.50 kg and 1.80 kg ha^-1, respectively as urea, MoP and gypsum (Fertilizer Recommendation Guide-1997, BARC). Fertilizers were applied in each pot according to treatments as basal dose. Soybean variety G-2 (Bangladesh Soybean-4) was used as the test crop in the experiment. Required amount of soybean seeds were inoculated with peat based inoculate (obtained from BARI) of Bradyrhizobium strain (BARI RGm-902) immediately before sowing. Three to four seeds per pot were sown on December 16, 2004. Initially 3 plants were allowed to grow, but two weaker plants were uprooted at 10 days after germination keeping the healthiest one to grow. The yield of seed was recorded on maturity and chemically analysed in the SRDI laboratory. Data was statistically analysed following Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) as outlined by Gomez and Gomez (1984). The effect of different levels of phosphorus on seed yield and protein content in seeds of soybean was found significant. The highest seed weight (7 .50 g) was obtained with P5 treatment which was 84.73% higher than that of control treatment. Increase in phosphorus levels, increased the seed weight of soybean up to 11 .25 kg P ha^-1. The seed yield of soybean increased with increasing P. Protein content of soybean seeds was significantly improved by phosphorus fertilization. The trend of variation in protein content was similar to N content because protein content in seed was determined by multiplying the N content of seed with 6.25. The highest protein content (43.13%) was recorded in P5 treatment and the lowest protein content (38.31 %) was found in control (P 1 ) treatment. Thimmegowda and Devakumar (1996) reported that seed protein content of soybean increased by P.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil Sci. 36(1-2): 87-89, 2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results showed that the effect of phosphorus on nitrogen and phosphorus content in seed of soybean was significant and positive. The highest nitrogen content in seed (6.90%) was produced by P5 treatment and it was statistically similar to P2, P3, P4 and P6 treatments. Treatment P4 produced the highest phosphorus content in seed (0.69%) and superior to the rest of the treatments. The lowest phosphorus content (0.46%) in seed was produced by P2 treatment. Change in potassium content of seed due to P treatment was found insignificant. The highest value (0.89%) was obtained in P1 treatment and the lowest (0.82%) was found in P2, P3 and P5 treatments. Rajput and Shrivastava (1994) observed that the highest N, P & K contents in seed of soybean at the higher P application. Sulphur content m seed was insignificantly influenced by different levels of phosphorus fertilizer. The highest sulphur content (0.46%) in seed was produced by P6 treatment and the lowest (0.36%) was produced by P3 treatment. The effect of phosphorus on nitrogen , phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake by seed of soybean was found significant and positive. The highest N uptake (517.70 mg plant^-1) was produced by P treatment, which was superior to the rest of the treatments. Nitrogen uptake by seed per plant was found to be increased gradually up to P5 treatment and then declined. From the results in this study, it can be concluded that application of phosphorus up to 11.25 kg ha^-1 (which was 25% higher than BARC recommendation) gave the highest yield, protein content and nutrient uptake of soybean compared to other treatments including the control.

Knowledge Management: Journal