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Stress Tolerance Studies of Crop Mutant/varieties

Dr. Md. Tariqul Islam
Principal Scientific Officer and Head
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Siddiqure Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, BINA, Mymensingh

Dr. Sakina Khanom
Senior Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, BINA, Mymensingh

Md. Azadul Haque
Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, BINA, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Five aromatic rice mutant/varieties viz., Binadhan-13, Kalizira, BRRI dhan34, Ukunimadhu and RM-100-16 were evaluated under water stress (30% FC) and control (100% FC) during grain growth in aman season, 2013. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll content in flag leaves and grain weight decreased under water stress in all the genotypes. Four rice genotypes viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-10, Binadhan-8, Binadhan10 and PBRC-37 were evaluated under different salinity levels viz., control, 6, 9 and 12dSm^-1 in 2013 and 2014. Binadhan-8 showed the best yield performance. NERICA-1 and NERICA-10 were tolerant to salinity up to 6-9 dS/m with low yield potential. Four rice varieties viz., Iratom-24, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6 and Binadhan-8 were evaluated under the following temperature treatments viz., (i) Ambient, (ii) 35^oC at tillering, (iii) 35^oC at booting, (iv) 35^oC at flowering and (v) 35^oC at grain filling stages. Grain growth studies of the rice varieties were also done at ambient and temperature stress. Binadhan-6 showed the best yield performance under temperature stresses.

Keywords: Water stress, Salinity stress, Tolerance, Yield, Rice

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-07-2012

End Date: 30-06-2014

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Performance, , ,

Objectives:

The objectives were to identify drought, salinity and temperature stress tolerant mutants/lines of cereals, oil seeds and pulse crops and to find out the physiological basis of such tolerances

Methodology:

Water stress: A pot experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh with five aromatic rice genotypes to assess photosynthesis, grain growth and chlorophyll stability under water stress during grain growth period. Control (100% FC) and water stress (30% FC) were imposed on Binadhan-13, Kalizira, BRRI Dhan34, Ukunimadhu and a mutant RM-100-16 at flowering stage and continued to maturity. The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized design with three replications. Thirty-day old seedlings were transplanted in plastic pots containing 8 kg soils pot^-1 on 16 August 2013. Each pot contained 8 kg of soils. Recommended doses of fertilizers were applied and cultural practices were done whenever required. Grain dry weights of 10 grains of selected panicles, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading) and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf were measured at 3 days’ interval from fertilization to maturity.

Salinity stress: Four rice genotypes viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-10, Binadhan-8, Binadhan10 and PBRC-37 were evaluated under salinity in 2013 and 2014. Eight filled pots were set in each glass fibre tray and filled the tray with water up to the neck of the pot. Four levels of salinity viz., 0, 6, 9 and 12 dS/m were imposed at maximum tillering stage and remained up to the harvest. Data on chlorophyll, yield and yield attributes were recorded.

Temperature stress: Four rice varieties viz., Iratom-24, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6 and Binadhan-8 were evaluated in plant growth chamber under the following temperature treatments viz., (i) Ambient, (ii) 35^oC at tillering, (iii) 35^oC at booting, (iv) 35^oC at flowering and (v) 35^oC at grain filling stages. Grain growth studies of the rice varieties were also done at ambient and temperature stress. Data on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf conductance and water use efficiency were measured using Portable Photosynthesis System (Model: LI-6400XT).

Source of Information: BINA Annual Report, 2012-13: page no. 70-72, Mymensingh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Grain dry weight and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf decreased but chlorophyll content was less affected by water stress. The highest grain dry weight, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate was found in Binadhan-13. Kalizira had medium grain dry weight and photosynthetic rate. BRRI Dhan34 showed better grain dry weight and lower photosynthetic rate. The lowest grain dry weight was found in Ukunimadhu. The mutant RM-100-16 had lower grain dry weight and photosynthetic rate.

All the parameters decreased with increasing salinity levels and 12 dS/m showed the lowest except number of unfilled grains/panicle). In respect of chlorophyll and NR activity, NERICA-1 and NERICA-10 showed higher chlorophyll in all days after saline application (DASA) where only NERICA-1 showed higher NR activity in all DASA.

Photosynthetic rate, leaf conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency decreased at 30⁰C temperature than ambient. The highest grain dry weight and transpiration rate were found in Binadhan-6 while Binadhan-5 showed the highest photosynthetic rate under the treatments. Grain dry weight increased up to 24 days there after it did not increase significantly. Photosynthetic and transpiration rate decreased with grain age. The highest water use efficiency was found in Iratom-24.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings