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The Disease and Disorder of the Mangrove Species in the Sundarbans.

Dr.A.S.M.Helal Siddiqui
Senior Research Officer
Mangrove Silviculture Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Mangrove Bhaban, Muzgunni, Khulna-9000

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The major mangrove tree species are being dead and decay last few decades. In the Sundarbans the major tree species are affected by different disorders as well as diseases. Forest diseases constituted one of the main biological determinants of forest productivity. They acquire increasing importance with changing emphasis from conservation to production in the forest. Disease and disaster may cause catastrophic damage to the forest. Various factors and pathogens causing disease to the major mangrove tree species. Considering the diseases and infestations of the economic important species in the Sundarbans it needs integrated research to overcome and to detect infestations of the problems in the Sundarbans.In the Sundarbans Sundri has been affected severely causing death of the trees from top down wards. It occurs through out whole of the Sundarbans of Bangladesh more or less. At least 38% of Sundri trees are affected in the Sundarbans. Many probable causes have been mentioned for top dying problem but no real cause has been ascertained by the scientists

General features and Disease condition

Sundri (Heritier fomes) is the most important tree species in the Sundarbans covering about 64% of the standing tree volume and constituting 52.7% of the area. Sundri, the most important tree species in the Sundarbans is not sound now. It is affected by top dying diseases. Top dying is generally regarded as a condition known as dieback or decline. The condition is characterized by a gradual loss of tree vigor which can lead to tree death.

Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha) is second in importance. It constituting about 16% 0f the forest. Root rot and die back of Gewa: About 15-20% of the (KNM) felled trees seems to be the cause of suffering die back of gewa, recently from root rot. Thus results in gradual death and lolling of affected trees.

Passur is a valuable and highly useful tree species in the Sundarbans. It has a great commercial value. The natural vegetation of this species has been declined in a large scale in the Sundarbans due to disorder namely heart rot disease. The affected wood changes reddish to dark gray in colour and finally damages the timber. The causes of this disease have not been identified till to date. No study was conducted to identify the causal agent of heart rot disease of passur. Therefore, this study will provide real and important information to identify the causes of the heart rot disease of passur.

Mortality of Keora

keora ( Sonneratia appetala ), Keora is one of the fast growing pionner tree species on the newly accreted land and along the rive banks. Keora stands are heavily silted up covering the pneumatophores, Massive dieback and death of keora is seen to suffer near Kotka and Kochikhali.

Mortality of Baen

Baen ( Avicennia officinalis ), Die back and holling is another problem of baen. Most of old baen trees are affected by the problems. This is a great loss to the forest ecosystem and the country. The species is baen affected by mortality in the eastren zone of the Sundarbans (Helal Siddiqui2002). Near the river banks the large trees are fying due to uneventual causes. The death may be caused by bark boring insects and wild lives and in turn destroying the jungle. To overcome this problen, it should be harvested properly before affected by top dying,old aged. So, management practices of those species must be changed.

Keywords: Disease and Disorder, Mangrove Species, The Sundarbans.

Location: The Sundarbans

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Mangrove

Objectives:

1.To know the disease scenario of major mangrove species in the Sundarbans.

2 To highlight a signatory to diseases by ensuring to asses the actual phenomenon and development of knowledge.

Methodology:

Literature have been reviewed in the Mangrove Silviculture Division Head Quarter Library, Khulna, Seminar Library, Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Central Library, Khulna University, Divisional Public Library, Khulna and other related books and literature which is my own collection were reviewed time to time. Related materials and pictures also collected to conduct the works. Sundarbans fields were visited at different locations in the Sundarbans such as- Mirgamari, Sarankhola, Bogi, Supati, Katka, Charaputia, Karamjal, Dhangmari, Kalabogi, Baniakhali, Bozboza, Kasiabad, Chunkuri, Gewakhali, Kateshor, Kalagachhia, Burigoalini, Munshiganj, Kadamtala to explore the abundance of tree diseases and disorders and their occurrence in the Subdarbabs. Field experience also enhances to prepare this assignment.The severely affected locations have already been identified (Kalabogi, Baniakhali, Bozboza and Kasiabad,) during field visit from 22 October to 30 October 2007, 21 November to 30 November 2007 and 12 December to 23 December 2007.

Source of Information: Paper presented in the Seminar; Helal Siddiqui, A.S.M. (2009).The Disease and Disorder of the Mangrove Species in the Sundarbans. Abstract, Section II, Twenty First Bangladesh Science Conferene, BARI, Gazipur, 18-20 February,2009 23-24pp.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) : N/AN/A

Achievement/Findings:

The disorders and diseases caused by different fungal pathogen. About 40% of the sundri population and more than 50% passur trees are affected by heart rot problem. The factors which causing these diseases are still not clearly identified but some biotic and abiotic factors are responsible for the causes. The wood loss become a very high rate which shall reflect the total loss of economy and the Sundarbans ecosystem. So, to overcome these disorders and diseases special monitoring, care, multi disciplinary research with field study, introduction of proper management system are to be required to formulate and eradicate these problems in the Sundarbans.So, management practices of those species must be changed.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings