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Heart Rot Scenarios of Passur (xylocarpus Mekongensis), an Important Mangrove Timber Species in the Sundarbans.

Dr.A.S.M.Helal Siddiqui
Senior Research Officer
Mangrove Silviculture Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Mangrove Bhaban, Muzgunni, Khulna-9000

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Passur is in a commercially important multipurpose tree species the Sundarbans. It is found mainly in the saline areas on the north-western part of the Sundarbans in association with amur, kakra, keora and baen. It is a moderate size deciduous tree species attaining a height of 10 to 20 m. The wood is used for making beams, tool handles, wheel spokes, planking, house post, boat building, getty making, bridge building, and other purposes. Wood is also used for making good quality furniture. Leaves are fleshy, good fodder and highly palatable for the cattle and deer. Its bark tanin is used for medicinal purposes for dysentery, diarrhea and febrifuge. But the natural vegetation of this species has been declined in a large scale in the Sundarbans due to disorder. The disease symptoms are identified ,infestation status and sites were identified. This disorder causes dries of the upper branches of the tree and gradually death from top to downwards. The trunk and big branches of the tree are affected causing wood decay inside the middle portion of the stem and gradually occurring a hole locally known as 'Dhor'. This disorder is called heart rot disease of passur. The affected wood changes reddish to dark gray in colour and finally damages the timber. The causes of this disease have not been identified till to date. No study was conducted to identify the causal agent of heart rot disease of passur. Therefore, this study will provide real and important information to identify the causes of the heart rot disease of passur. An initial primary survey report shows that more than 50% aged passur trees are infested by heart rot disease in the affected areas of the Sundarbans. It is caused by fungal pathogen and other ecological factors are balso associated with this problem. The heart rot affected % is highest at Kalabogi 64% and lowest at Supati 17%.The severely affected locations have already been identified (Kalabogi, Baniakhali, Bozboza and Kasiabad,).

Keywords: Heart rot scenarios, Passur (Xylocarpus mekongensis), Important mangrove, Timber species,The Sundarbans.

Location: The Sundardarbans Reserved Forest

Start Date: 01-07-2007

End Date: 30-06-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Passur

Objectives:

1.To identify the real scenarios of heart rot disease of passur tree in the Sundarbans.

2.To know the infestation areas

3.To know the symtomps of heart rot disease of passur

Methodology:

To implement the objectives site selection and visits were conducted on the basis of the dominance of passur tree areas of the Sundarbans. Several field visits were made for selecting the study sites. In the process consultation were made with stakeholders like experienced professional wood cutters, locally known as Bawalies, Foresters, Range Officers, Forest Officials, Mangrove Research Officers attached to the Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI) and academics of Khulna University who have gathered professional experience on the Sundarbans over the years. Then on the basis of passur trees several compartments belonging to different Ranges distributed over in Fresh water zone, Moderate saline water zone and Strong saline water zones were selected as working site for the study.Site visit, design survey approaches, techniques and methods for survey of flora in the existing protected areas to generate information on the status of the biological resources required for management plan . The different locations in the Sundarbans such as- Sarankhola, Bogi, Supati, Katka (Fresh water zone), Charaputia, Karamjal, Mirgamari, Dhangmari, Kalabogi, Baniakhali, Bojboja, Kashiabad (Moderate saline water zone) and Chunkuri, Gewakhali, Kateshor, Kalagachhia, Burigoalini, Munshiganj and Kadamtala (Strong saline water zone) were frequently visited from November 2007 to December 2009 to explore the abundance of Passur trees and the infestation of heart rot disease. The locations of the specific six study sites were located. The locations are Supati in the fresh water zone (FWZ), Kalabogi, Baniakhali, Bojboja and Kashiabad in the Moderate saline water zone (MSWZ) and Chunkuri in the Strong saline water zone (SSWZ). Infestation and other relevant data were collected and other works were done properly from November 2007 to June 2012.

Source of Information: Heart Rot Scenarios of Passur (Xylocarpus mekongensis), an Important Mangrove Timber Species in the Sundarbans. In Badabon, Published by Sundarban Academy, Faraji para Lane, 29/1Sher E Bangla Road, Khulna-9100, 39-52 pp.2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 8,00,000.00

Total Budget (Tk.) : 8,00,000.00

Achievement/Findings:

Western salined part of the Sundarns are highly affected by the heart rot disease of passur than that of the eastern, fresh water zone of the Sundarbans.Heart rot affected symptoms of passur trees and 3 fungal pathogens are Identified.Symptoms of Heart Rot observed during field visit which are mentioned as follows.
   Malformation of tree form
    Crooked trees
    Presence of epicormic branches.
    Presence of branch stub
    Deformation of stem base or above.
    Presence of dead branches.
    Presence of gall or cancer formation on the stem and branches.
    Hollow in the main stem (Bark and lower branches are fresh)
    Number of fruit bodies on tree trunk
   The number of fruit bodies, their sizes, age, colour, (generally yellowish good looking, not easily fragile) and the general condition of the tree give some indication of the amount of wood decay
    Presence of fruit bodies is generally one of the diagnostic characters of heart rot of passur.
    There are decayed dusts like material inside the root of fruit bodies.
    Dieback or top dying trees.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings