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Mechanisms of Salinity Tolerance in Soybean

M. A. Mannan
Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali.

M. A. Karim
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The growth inhibition of plants by salinity is caused primarily due to osmotic effect and/ or ionic imbalance, acting on biophysical and/ or metabolic components of cell expansion. Salt tolerance is the ability of a plant to grow and complete its life cycle in saline substrates that contain high concentration of salts. The mechanisms of salt tolerance are complex and mostly depend on anatomical, biochemical and physiological changes occuring due to the stress at the whole plant level rather than in a single cell. Tolerant genotypes very often maintain better water relations for osmotic adjustment, lower amount of toxic ion Na+, higher photosynthetic activity, and higher cell membrane integrity than the susceptible one. To elucidate the salt tolerance mechanisms in soybean, a susceptible genotype Shohag and a tolerant genotype AGS 313 were grown in saline and non-saline conditions. The magnitude of changes in synthesis of osmotica, water status, photosynthesis ability, cell membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content in leaf were analyzed. It was concluded that salt tolerance genotype (AGS 313) was associated with better water relations and osmotic adjustment occurred due to more proline accumulation, less chlorophyll degradation, higher photosynthetic efficiency and higher cell membrane stability than those of Shohag.

Keywords: Salt tolerance mechanisms, Biochemical and physiological changes, Soybean

Location: Environmental Stress Research Site, BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur,

Start Date: 01-01-2006

End Date: 30-06-2007

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

To understand the role of some physiological and biochemical parameters on the variation in salt tolerance of AGS 313 and Shohag variety of soybean.

Methodology:

Seeds of soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes AGS 313 and Shohag were sown in plastic pots of 24 cm X 30 cm in size, containing 12 kg air dried soil, inside a vinylhouse under natural light at the Environmental Stress Research Site of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh. In a preliminary experiment the genotype AGS 313 was found more salt tolerant in terms of growth than the genotype Shohag. When the 1^sttrifoliate appeared, plants of each genotype were grouped and irrigated with 1000 ml of 0, 50 mM and 100 mM NaCI solutions up to 60 days. Salt solutions were prepared artificially by dissolving calculated amount of commercially available NaCI with tap water. Tap water was used as the control (0 mM). The salt solution was applied stepwise with an increment of 25 mM in every alternate day till respective concentrations were attained. Treatment solutions were applied in excess so that the extra solution dripped out through the holes made at the bottom of the pots. Uppermost fully developed leaves were collected at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days of treatment imposition (TI) to measure proline, Water Uptake capacity (WUC), chlorophyll and cell membrane stability (CMS). Leaf photosynthesis rate (Pn) was estimated at 10 and 20 days of TI. Four leaves from four separate plants in each treatment were considered for each measurement of the parameters. Three replicates were measured for the desiccation treatment (T) and non-desiccated control. CMS was evaluated as the mean percentage of relative cell injury (Blum and Ebercon, 1981). T₁= Stress samples' conductance before autoclaving, T₂= Stress samples' conductance after autoclaving, C₁= control samples' conductance before autoclaving, C₂= control sample conductance after autoclaving. The experiment was laid out a factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. All the data gathered in this experiment were analyzed by MSTAT-C.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH AGRONOMIY JOURNAL, Vol. 14 (1&2), pp. 85-93, December 2011, ISSN 1013-1922.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results showed that the high salt tolerance of AGS 313 was associated with better water relations and osmotic adjustment by accumulating more proline, less chlorophylls degradation, higher photosynthetic efficiency and higher cell membrane stability than those of Shohag.

Knowledge Management: Journal