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Balantidiosis in Water Buffaloes: Incidences and Therapeutic Trial

M.R. Islam
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A. K. M. F. Huque
Department of MediCine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. H. N. A. Khan
Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. R. I. Talukder
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Upon examining 1250 randomly selected water buffaloes at Madhupur thana of Tangail district, the incidence of clinical balantidiosis was found 3.5%. The disease was mostly prevalent in summer season (4.0%) followed by Rainy (3 69%), Autumn (3.44%) and Winter (3.07%) The incidence in male buffaloes (3.8%) was somewhat higher than the female buffaloes (3.4%). The highest incidence of balantidiosis was recorded in animals of 5 years and above age group (4.0%), whereas, the lowest rate of incidence was found in animals below 2 years of age (3.24%). The common clinical findings were persistent diarrhoea, loss of appetite, weakness, emaciation, dullness. loss of milk production and body condition. Efficacy study of certain antibalantidial drugs (Coper sulphate. Metronidazol and oxytetracycline hydrochloride) reveal that Copper sulphate was the most effective drug against clinical balantidiosis in water buffaloes.

Keywords: Balantidiosis, Buffaloes, lncidence, Therapeutic response.

Location: Madhupur thana under Tangail district

Start Date: 00-03-1997

End Date: 00-02-1998

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Buffalo

Objectives:

To determine the incidence and clinical features of balantidiosis and also the efficacy of some drugs against this malady in buffaloes.

Methodology:

The investigation was conducted for a period of one year, from March 1997 to February 1998, in the Madhupur thana under Tangail district. A total of 1250 buffaloes were randomly selected from different villages of Madhupur thana and were examined clinically. Faecal samples from these buffaloes were collected and were examined by direct smear and simple sedimentation method and then modified Stool's dilution technique following the procedure of Soulsby (1986a) for counting faecal trophozoites. As the alive trophozoite is motile, the slides were treated with gentle heat for a little while for facilitating the counting of trophozoites in the faeces (Rahman, 1985). To study the seasonal variations in the incidence of the disease, the whole year was divided into conventional four seasons, namely, Summer (March to May), Rainy (June to August), Autumn (September to November) and Winter (December to February). According to the age, the animals were divided into three groups namely, A, B and C. The group A represents the animals of below 2 years, group B the animals of 2-5 years and group C the animals of above 5 years of age. Study of clinical features: The rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, general appearance, changes in the hair coat, visible mucous membrane, eating, defecation and body condition of the clinically balantidial infected buffaloes were noted. Study of therapeutic response: To study the therapeutic responses of different drugs, a total of 40 infected buffaloes were used. These animals were divided into four groups, named as, P, Q, R and S, each comprising 10 animals.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 27(1): 143-146, January, 2000

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Therapeutic responses of different drugs against balantidiosis in buffaloes: The findings of therapeutic responses of Copper sulphate, Metronidazole and Oxytetracycline hydrochloride against balantidiosis in buffaloes. In this study it appears that Copper sulphate is the most effective (100%) drug for the successful treatment of balantidiosis in buffaloes which supports the study of Rahman (1985) and Motaleb (1986) in Bangladesh and Moharana and Behura (1989) in India. whereas, Metronidazole showed 78% and Oxy tetracycline hydrochloride 95% effectiveness which are similar to the study of Christopher and Sudharshana (1972).

Knowledge Management: Journal