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Selection Parameters for Biomass, Yield and Other Characters in Wheat Under Different Environments

B.N. Mojumder
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.M. Islam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Twenty one wheat genotypes were grown separately under similar conditions of cultural practices in normal and late sowing environment during 1990-91 in the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricufltural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Plant height, biomass, yield components and yield were better expressed in normal sowing than in late sowing. The removal of genotype x sowing environment interaction from the total genetic variance lowered the heritability for all these characters on two sowing environments basis. Owing to higher genotypes x sowing environment interaction the heritability estimates were moderate. Very low genotypes x sowing ·environment interaction variance, caused plant height to show very high heritability. Results suggested joint manipulation of genotype and environment to get maximum improvement in yield through the proportionate increase of yield components.

Keywords: Biomass, Yield components, Wheat, Normal and Late sowing

Location: In the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricufltural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-00-1990

End Date: 00-00-1991

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To get more precise estimates of genotypic and phenotypic variances, and heritability by removing genotype x sowing environment interactions from the estimates of total genetic variance of different yield contributing characters of some wheat genotypes.

Methodology:

Seed materials of 21 wheat genotypes were sown in two different sowing environments (normal and late) in the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BAU, Mymensingh. The sowing dates were 14 November (normal) and 14 December (Late) of 1990. Plots (2.5 x 1.26m) were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications within each sowing environment. The row to row distance was 20 em. Plant to plant distance was maintained 5 em in a row. Identical cultural practices were followed in both these trials. Ten plants tagged before tillering stage were used for recording grains/spike and plant height. The central 0.4m2 area of each plot was harvested to determine spike/m2 , yield/rn2 and biomass/m2 . A random sample of clean sundried 100 seeds was weighed to express 100 grain weight in grams. The mean values of each trait were used in the analysis of variance. Estimates of geneotypic and phenotypic variances were calculated form mean square analysis (Singh and Chuadhary, 1985) for each owing environment separately. The data combined over both sowing environments were analyzed for each trait by analysis of vanance. Gonotypic, genotypic x sowing environments error and phenotypic Varian as were calculated according to Singh and Chaudhary (1985). Heritability estimates and genetic advance were calculated from the data of single and combined environments separately

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 26(2): 251-254, July, 1999

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Significant differences were observed among means of normal and late sowing environment for spike/m² , grains/spike, yield/m² , biomass/m2 and plant height . The means of these characters measured in normal sowing were relatively large compared to the late sowing. The results in late sowing could be attributed to the limited number of effective tillers (Possioura, 1976), reduced plant height, lesser number of filled grains, lower green leaf area and its duration after flowering (Doyle and Marcellos, 1974). It seems that growing period played an important role in the potential expression of grain set per spike. On the other hand, the lower 100 grain weight could be due to reduction in grain filling period in late sowing environment compared to normal sowing.The analysis of variance for the combined data of two sowing environments indicated the significant effects of sowing environment, genotypes, and genotype x sowing environment except plant height interaction for all characters. This result suggested that the differences among the genotypes for plant height was primarily due to genetic effect. Other characters including grain yield were sensitive to changes in sowing environment. Among the genotypes only DSN-48 ranked first and gave high yield in both the sowing environments. This was the only stable genotypes which produced highest number of effective tillers/m²^, high grains/spike, high 100 grain weight, moderate biomass and short plant height. Other genotypes were variable in the expression of different characters in the two sowing environments.

Knowledge Management: Journal