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Rice Biodiversity and Genetic Wealth of Flood-prone Environments of Bangladesh

M.K. Bashar
Principal Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701

M.M. Haque
Chief Scientific Officer
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701

S.M.H. Zaman
Formar Director Ganaral
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur 1701 and member (Agriculture), Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bangladesh is very rich in rice biodiversity by virtue of its wide variation in land, topography, and seasons. The rice genetic diversity of the flood-prone environment is widely distributed in the country. This genetic wealth of rice is threatened by the rapid spread of newly improved varieties as well as several devastating floods in the recent past. As a result, the germplasm of deepwater rice available in the country had been drastically reduced to about 60%. Though exploration and collection activities started after the British regime, there are still some pockets of inaccessible areas yet to be explored. About 700 deepwater rice cultivars were collected, for which 659 collections were catalogued and stored in the BRRI and IRRI gene banks. Before the gene banks were established, the collections were maintained as pure lines by growing them every year and characterized and classified into several groups. A total of 36 varieties were found to be moderately resistant to sheath blight (8), stem rot (1), bacterial blight (8), rice tungro virus (3). ufra (9), green leafhopper (1), brown planthopper (2), whitebacked planthopper (2), and stem borer (2). The nine best pure lines were released as varieties. There are prospects for further collection of landraces as well as wild relatives. Immediate attention should be given to the collection and thorough study of the diverse deepwater rice varieties. Emphasis should also be given to evaluation, characterization, documentation, and use of the deepwater rice wealth in the country.

Keywords: Deepwater rice, Germplasm, Characterization, Documentation

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To determine the genetic diversity and wealth of rice in the flood-prone environment in Bangladesh

Methodology:

The review article is based on secondary data collected from different sources, eg., BRRI, Different journals, books, and news letter, etc. The information of genetic wealth and diversity of deep water rice was measuring through collection of the information of origin of deepwater rice, plant association of deepwater rice, distribution of deepwater rice, vanishing genetic resources, exploretion, collection, and conservation, evaluation and characterization, etc.

Source of Information: Rice research and development in the flood-prone ecosystem. Proceedings of the international workshop on flood-prone rice systems held in Gazipur, Bangladesh, 9-11 January 2001. Los Banos (Philoppines): International Rice Research Institute, P: 129-141.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) : 0.00

Achievement/Findings:

Most of the local types became extinct because, once they were destroyed, seeds could not be found in other areas. Examples are Pankhiraj (varieties with extra long glume I and II), Khejur jhupi, or Khejur kandi varieties with clusters of panicles and very bold grains (low market value). Most of the widely adapted varieties are Digha groups, Aman groups, Laki groups, Bajail, Kaika, etc.. However, it is to be noted that farmers do not take care to grow pure varieties. Therefore, a surveyor needs to collect all the varieties/landraces, wild or fatua types, and hybrids (between wild and local varieties). Some of these mixtures might be identified by the farmers. Others should be grown and classified. Such an attempt will restore some of the varieties considered to be extinct. This type of research work needs the immediate attention of BRRI or the newly proposed organization, the National Institute of Plant Genetic Resources; otherwise, these varieties will become lost forever. Wild rice species also need thorough studies; fatua types found in northern areas are not equally adapted for deeply flooded areas. These are the components of biodiversity of deepwater rice, which needs to be conserved and studied well.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings