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Influence of Irrigation and Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Late Sown Wheat

M.S. Alom
Agronomy Division Regional Agricultural Research Station Jessore-7400

M.A.R. Sarkar
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. Biswas
Agronomy Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur-2000

A.M.A. Kamal
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.S.U. Bhuiya
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. Jessore during the period from December 1993 to March 1994 to ascertain the influence of irrigation and nitrogen on the growth and yield of late sown wheat. The highest grain yield (2.25 t/ha) was obtained when four irrigators were applied at crown root initiation, maximum tillering, booting and grain filling stages of the crop. Significantly higher grain yield was obtained from 120 kgN/ha which was statistically similar to that of 80 kgN/ha attributed by higher number of spikes/m² , grains/spike and 1000-grain weight. The grain yields at 80 and 120 kgN/ha were statistically similar but significantly superior to that due to 40 kgN/ha. The interaction between irrigation and nitrogen had significant influence on harvest index only. Consumptive use of water increased with the increase of irrigation frequency and water use efficiency was comparatively higher with 1 or 2 irrigation's than 3 or 4 irrigations.

Keywords: Irrigation, Nitrogen, Growth, Yield, Wheat

Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jessore

Start Date: 00-12-1993

End Date: 00-03-1994

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To find out the response of late sown wheat to irrigation and nitrogen at different physiological growth stages.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jessore during the period from December 1993 to March 1994. The soil of the experiment plot was sandy loam in texture with pH value 7.5 and belonged to the calcareous brown floodplain soil of Bangladesh. Aghrani, a recommended late sown variety was used for the study, Six irrigation schedules and three nitrogen levels were included as treatments. Irrigation's were given at i) crown root initiation (CRI) stage(I₁) ii) CRI + maximum tillering (MT) stages(I₂ ), iii) CRI + booting {BT) stages (I₃ ), iv) CRI + grain filling (GF) stage (I₄ ), v) CRI +MT +GF stages (I₅) and vi) CRI + MT + BT + GF +stages (I₆ ). The nitrogen levels were 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications assigning the irrigation schedules in the main plots and the nitrogen levels in the sub-plots. Five randomly selected plants were uprooted from each unit plot excluding the border plants at different growth stages viz. CRI, MT, BT and GF stages to record the dry matter yield and plant height per plant. Harvest index was calculated using the following formula, % Harvest index = (Grain yield / Biological yield) x 100. The consumptive use of water and water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated with the following formula (Giriappa, 1988): Consumptive use of water (cm) = (Pre sowing soil moisture + Irrigation + Rainfall)-Post harvest soil moisture. Water use efficiency (WUE) (kg/ha/cm) = Crop yield / Consumptive use of water. Collected data were statistically analyzed by the computer package program M-stat. and the significance of mean differences were adjudged by using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 26(1): 99-104, January, 1999

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest grain yield (2.25 t/ha) was obtained when four irrigations were applied at crown root initiation, maximum tillering, booting and grain filling stages of the crop. Significantly higher grain yield was obtained from 120 kgN/ha which was statistically similar to that of 80 kgN/ha attributed by higher number of spikes/m² , grains/spike and 1000-grain weight. The grain yields at 80 and 120 kgN/ha were statistically similar but significantly superior to that due to 40 kgN/ha. The interaction between irrigation and nitrogen had significant influence on harvest index only. Consumptive use of water increased with the increase of irrigation frequency and water use efficiency was comparatively higher with 1 or 2 irrigation's than 3 or 4 irrigations. From the results it can be concluded that two irrigations either CRI + BT or CRI + GF stages of crop with 80 kg N/ha would be enough to achieve optimum grain yield of wheat under late sown condition in south-western part of Bangladesh.

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