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Design of Efficient Furrows and Borders

Md. Bazlur Rahman Khan
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Md. Shafiul Alam
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An efficient furrow or border may be qualitatively defined as what facilitates application of just enough water, not too much nor too little, so as to avoid excessive loss and deficit, to obtain a desirable yield of crop. An efficient furrow or border length (L) may be estimated from the equation as follows: L = K.X^B; where K = [AR/(Eqa)]^B, X = Depth of infiltration needed at the end of field plot, B = 1/(b-l), AR = Ratio of the time of advance (T_adv) to total time of application (T) of irrigation water to the furrow or border, E = Application efficiency, q = Discharge per unit width, and a & b are constants of the advance equation of the form, T _adv= aL^b , L = Length of reach by water; all units being consistent. A number of graphs with different values Of a, b, q and AR/E are presented which may be used for deciding optimum furrow or border length for certain depth of water requirement or optimum depth of application at the downstream end of furrow or border for certain length of furrow or border.

Keywords: Furrow, Border, Irrigation.

Location: Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To make on the discharge; permanent plot may be subdivided seasonally during land preparation as required for efficient irrigation.

Methodology:

T_adv = Time required by a stream to reach the downstream end of a furrow or border, L = Length of furrow or border; and a, b are constants. found equation (I) quite acceptable in Bangladesh situation. However other complicated equations for advance curves are also available which are too cumbersome to be accommodated in simple formulae as developed herein. However in different practical experiments, simple power relations were found reasonably good to justify the use of the same. Irrigation time (T) i.e., the total time=the stream is on in a furrow or border, can be expressed in some multiple of advance time (T_adv) which is the time required for a stream to reach the dead end of furrow. The inverse of this multiple may be termed as advance ratio CAR) as shown below. Merrium and Keller suggested this advance ratio to be in between 1: 1 to 1:4. It is worthwhile to mention here that there may exist a little variation in the definition of irrigation time (T). However the basic concepts is similar and close to each other. For ease of use in the equation stated heretofore and hereinafter, it must refer to the definition provided above.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol:24 (2), PP: 33-43, 1999, ISSN: 0253-5408

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is suggested that the required depth at the end be lessened by approximately 20%. The other ways of getting advantage of additional efficiency is to stop the flow 20-30% before the field length reach. This means T is less than the T_adv. So, effective length may be increased by (1/0.7 = 40-45%) 40% to 45% of that found by calculation or from graph. If E is large, AR has also to be large. Increase of AR is greater than that of E. So, ultimately L will increase.

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