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Variety Selection and Integrated Crop Management for Yield Gap Minimization in Mustard and Sesame in the High Ganges River Floodplains

Dr. Md. Sirajul Islam
Principal Scientific Officer
On-Farm Research Division, RARS, BARI, Jessore

Md. Rezaul Islam
Agricultural Adviser
Agriculture Advisor, CHETONA, Rail Gate, Benapole Road, Chanchara, Jessore-7400

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Mustard and sesame are the most important oilseed crops in Bangladesh. The national mean yield of mustard is only 1.05 t/ha and 0.86 t/ha in HYV and local varieties, respectively. Again sesame produces 0.91 t/ha yields. The potential yields of HYV mustard and sesame varieties are much higher. In the research station, the yields of these crops are also higher. In on-farm trials, BARI sharisha 11 produced 2.24 t/ha seed yield in Jessore region in 2009-10 and BARI til 3 gave 1.46 t/ha seed yield in Faridpur region in 2008. In greater Jessore and Kushtia districts about 66397 ha and 11100 ha of land covered with mustard and sesame, respectively in 2009-10 (DAE, 2009-10). So, it is clear that a big yield gap remains between the potential yield of mustard and sesame and farmers’ yield. By narrowing this yield gap the yield of these crops can be increased substantially. So, the project was designed to minimize the yield gap of mustard and sesame. In location mean, it was observed that medium duration mustard varieties BINA sharisha 4 gave the highest yield followed by BARI sharisha 15. Among the long duration varieties BARI sharisha 11 produced the highest yield followed by BARI sharisha 16. But BINA sharisha 4 takes 10 to 12 days more than BARI sharisha 14 and BARI sharisha 15. So it is difficult to fit in the Mustard-Boro rice-T.aman cropping pattern. Again, screening trials of sesame varieties was conducted in 7 locations. The varieties included in the trials are BARI til 3, BARI til 4, BINA til 1 and BINA til 2 and local. Total 38 screening trials were conducted in 7 locations with 0.13 ha (1 bigha) plot size. Adaptive trials were conducted in 17.14 ha land. BARI til 4 produced the highest yield followed by BARI til 3. In 2013, adaptive trials of sesame were conducted in 40.0 ha.

Keywords: Variety Selection, Integrated crop management, Yield gap, Mustard and Sesame

Location: Monirampur and Jhikargacha (Jessore); Shalikha upazilla (Magura), Kaliganj (Jhenaidah); Narail sadar (Narail); Modhukhali (Faridpur); and Kushtia sadar (Kushtia)

Start Date: 01-06-2011

End Date: 31-05-2014

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity:

Objectives:

1. To identify the suitable high yielding varieties of mustard and sesame to be fitted in the specific cropping pattern.

2. Adaption of integrated crop management (ICM) in mustard and sesame production compared to farmers' practice to reduce the yield gap

3. To increase the knowledge and skill of farmers in mustard and sesame production technology.

Methodology:

A survey was conducted among 25 farmers in each site using stratified random sampling method to know the present condition of mustard and sesame cultivation of the project area. Research co-operators as well as mustard and sesame growing farmers were trained on modern production and seed preservation technology before sowing mustard. To sow the mustard in time, short duration T.aman rice variety seed (BRRI dhan-39 and BINA dhan-7 was transplanted. On-farm screening trials of both short and long duration mustard varieties fitted in different cropping patterns of the area were conducted in each site. Seventy screening trials of short duration mustard varieties (BARI sharisha 9, BARI sharisha 14, BARI sharisha 15 and BINA sharisha 4) with one bigha plot size were established to fit in the Mustard-Boro-T.aman cropping pattern. Again thirty five screening trials of long duration mustard varieties (BARI sharisha 11, BARI sharisha 16, BINA sharisha 7 and BINA sharisha 8) with one bigha plot size were established to fit in the Mustard-Mungbean-T.aman, Mustard-Jute-T.aman or Mustard-Chilli-T.aman cropping pattern. The number of screening trials with long duration varieties was less due to seed shortage of BINA sharisha 7, BINA sharisha 8. Besides these, 14 ha adaptive trials with both short and long duration mustard varieties has conducted. For both the screening and adaptive trials, integrated crop management practices i.e., timely sowing, improved variety, good quality seed, balanced fertilizers, timely irrigation, proper intercultural operation and insect-pest management were done. The screening trial was conducted in RCB design with dispersed replications. The fertilizer management and other intercultural operations were done as per recommendations. Data on agronomic and economic performance of the crops were collected and analysed statistically using ANOVA. Fielddays were arranged on each crop with 100 farmers, scientists, DAE personnel and NGO workers before harvesting.

Source of Information: Project ID No. (CN/FRP): C-5.5, Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.	Budget: 3916800

Total Budget (Tk.) : 3916800

Achievement/Findings:

In screening trials the high yielding mustard varieties (HYV) short, medium and long duration were included. Four short and medium and four long duration mustard varieties developed by BARI and BINA were screened at 5 locations of Ganges River Floodplains during 2011-12 to find out the suitable varieties of mustard fitted in the Mustard-Boro rice-T.aman, Mustard-Sesame-T.aman, Mustard-Jute-T.aman, Mustard-Mungbean-T.aman cropping pattern. Besides these, 14 ha adaptive trials with both short and long duration mustard varieties was conducted. Total 155 farmers were included in the program. In location mean, it was observed that short duration mustard varieties BARI sharisha 15, and among the medium duration BINA sharisha 4 performed best. Among the long duration varieties BARI sharisha 11 produced the highest yield followed by BARI sharisha 16. Four sesame varieties viz. BARI til 3, BARI til 4, BINA til 1 and BINA til 2 with one local variety were included in the screening trials in each site. Throughout the locations, BARI til 4 produced the highest seed yield (1.68 t/ha) followed by BARI til 3 (1.48 t/ha). BINA til 2 gave the lowest yield (1.37 t/ha). Again, adaptive trials of sesame varieties were conducted in four sites. In adaptive trials sesame varieties BARI til 3, BARI til 4, BINA til 1 and BINA til 2 were included.

Knowledge Management: