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Effect of Water Deficit and Weed Control Practices on the Growth of Rice and Weeds

S.B. Naseem
Principal and Senior Scientists
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

M.R.Ahmed
Principal and Senior Scientists
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Mohibul Hasan
Principal and Senior Scientists
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Wais Kabir
Principal Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farm gate, Dhaka.

K.T. Ingram
Agronomist and Deputy Head
Agronomy (APPA) Division, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of water deficit and weed control practices during different crop growth periods on the water relations and growth responses of rainfed lowland dry seeded rice and it's associated weeds. Water deficit effects on crop growth differed among stress timings. Crop suffered from vegetative phase water deficit, but recovered completely after stress relief and produced final growth not significantly different from well-watered treatment. Water deficit during panicle initiation and flowering decreased all growth parameters permanently and irreversibly. Effects of weed control practices on crop growth were pronounced after the 2nd hand weeding. Among weed control practices, 2 hand weeding improved crop growth and reduced the growth of weeds. Weeds were found to be more tolerant to water stress than was rice. Weed dry weight remained unchanged by water deficit treatments. Weeds consistently had higher leaf water potential than rice. Like wise, weeds were faster than rice in compensating for loss of leaf area index caused by vegetative and panicle initiation water deficit. Plant characters like plant height, total shoot dry weight, and crop growth rate that were reduced by water deficit was observed to be inversely related with weed growth

Keywords: Water deficit, Weed, Growth, Rice

Location: Central Luzon State University, Philippines

Start Date: 00-01-1992

End Date: 00-05-1992

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Weed management

Objectives:

To look into the influence of water deficit and weed control methods on the growth of both rice and weeds.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the experiment farm of the Central Luzon State University, Philippines from January to May 1992. A split-plot design was used with four replications. Main plot treatments were 4 levels of water deficits: well-watered control, vegetative water deficit from 15 to 30 Days after emergence (DAE), panicle initiation (PI) water deficit from 49 to 64 DAE and flowering water deficit from 79 to 94 DAE. Subplot treatments were 4 levels of weed control practices: one hand weeding at 25 (DAE), 2 hand weeding at 25 + 45 DAE, Butachlor + 1 hand weeding (25 DAE), and Butachlor + 2 hand weeding (25 + 45 DAE). The test rice variety was IR72. Butachlor, a granular herbicide was applied 4 days after emergence (DAE) at the rate of 2.0 kg a.i. /ha. The land was ploughed three times by rototilling and two harrowing by using a tractor. Seeds were line sown in dry soil using an animal drawn lithao with a seeding rate of 100 kg/ha. Fertilizer was applied at the rate of 120 kg N/ha as urea, 30 kg P/ha as triple super phosphate, and 30 kg K/ha as muriate of potash. Thinning was done at 10 DAE to make a uniform plant population. Water stress was imposed by suspending irrigation for the period specified in the treatments. Data on Plant height were taken from 10 randomly selected plants from each subplot at 15 days interval from 15 to 105 DAE and at maturity. Leaf area index (LAI) was measured for both rice and weeds from 0.25m² area. The rice LAI was first measured at 15 DAE and was continued upto 90 DAE with IS day interval. The last sample was taken at crop maturity. Weed LAI were taken prior to 1st hand weeding, 2nd hand weeding and at crop maturity.Shoot dry weight for both rice and weed was taken at the same time with LAI measurement. Plants were cut to ground level, oven dried at 70 ºC for 72 hours and then weighed.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol: 24 (1), PP: 97-110, 1999, ISSN: 0253-5408

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results suggest that water deficit during vegetative, panicle initiation and flowering stage reduced plant growth parameters. After re-irrigation , vegetative stressed plants recovered to the level of well-watered plants, but panicle initiation and flowering stressed plants failed to do so. Among weed control treatments, 2 hand weeding with or without butachlor application was found to suppress weed growth considerably under dry seeded condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal