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Quantification of Tannins in Morus Indica (mulberry) and Effect of Peg (polyethylene Glycol) Treatment on in Vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (ivomd) and Metabolizable Energy Content

M. M. Islam
Department of General Animal Science & Animal Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Science University, Pahartoli, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh

M. R. Amin
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. R. Alam
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. C. Sumy
Department of Agricultural Economics (Production), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research was conducted to quantify chemical compositions and different forms of polyphenolic compounds of the tree foliage Moms indica (Mulberry) after freeze or shade drying and determine digestibility in vitro. The dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and lignin contents in freeze dried samples were found to be higher than shade dried samples. The nitrogen content and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were high in shade dried samples but different forms of polyphenolic compounds are very low in shade dried samples. Freeze dried samples of Mulberry contained 2.36% total phenols and 1.25% total tannins whereas shade dried samples contained 1.54% total phenols and 0.77% total tannins. Condensed tannin contents in freeze dried sample were 0.47% and in shade dried sample 0.21 % of Morus indica. Hydrolysable tannin contents in freeze dried samples were 0.60% whereas in shade dried sample was 0.74%. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) increased in vitro gas production by 12.02%, estimated organic matter digestibility (OMD) by 7.05% and metabolizable energy (ME) by 10.79% of freeze dried sample and in vitro gas production by 0.21 %, OMD by 0.28%, and ME/ kg DM by 0.33% of shade dried samples. Utilization of tannin containing levels from Morus indica either alone or as a supplement with poor quality roughages might improve nutritive value by treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or by shade drying.

Keywords: Morus indica, Tannins, IVOMD, ME Content

Location: Department of Animal Science, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-01-2003

End Date: 30-06-2004

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mulberry

Objectives:

1. To investigate different forms of tannin in freeze- dried and shade- dried samples of Morus indica,

2. To assess, by in vitro gas measurement, the increase in nutritional value after treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Methodology:

Freshly picked leaves approximately three months old from the top of the branch of Morus indica was collected during the summer season (April) and carried in dry ice and frozen at -4 ? until freeze- dried. Representative samples of fresh leaves were mixed thoroughly and prepared to freeze-dry in a freeze-dry system (Free Zone® 4.5 litter Benechtop; LABCONCO, Model 77500) and also kept for shade- drying (approximately at 30°C). After drying, samples were ground in a grinding machine (CYCLOTEC 1093 Sample mill Tecator, Sweden) at the size of 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm, bottled and covered with aluminium foil, kept in desiccator for chemical analysis and in vitro study, respectively. Chemical compositions of freeze dried and shade dried samples for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N) were estimated according to the methods of AOAC (1984). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin were estimated by the methods of Faichney and White (1983). Total phenols was estimated by Folion Cio- calteu reagent method and total tannin was determined by subtracting the values of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVPP) bind tannins from total phenols. Condensed tannin was determined by oxidation of condensed tannin in Butanol- HCl reagent in presence of iron, and hydrolysable tannins were determined by hydrolysis of gallotannins to gallic acid with rhodanine. Both the total phenols and total tannins were 'expressed as tannic acid equivalent. The condensed tannin and hydrolysable tannin were expressed as leucocyanidin equivalent, and gallic acid equivalent, respectively. The above analyses were conducted according to (Makkar, 2000). A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of tannins on rumen fermentation with and without treatment by PEG. Shade- dried and freeze -dried samples of Morus indica leaves were compared with hay. The method was based on the in vitro gas production technique described. The computer program SAS was used for the multiple regression procedures. Pearson's correlation coefficient for the tests of interaction between different forms of polyphenolic compounds was calculated by the STAT program correlation procedure.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF LIVESTOCK RESEARCH, Vol. 12 (1 &2), (Jan - June and June - Dec) 2005, pp. 98-105, ISSN 1022 - 3851.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study further validates the finding that PEG may increase organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy content. Differences in effect of PEG between freeze- dried and shade- dried samples may be explained partly by the presence of tannins and fibres which may have decreased or prevented ruminal fermentation. The effect of PEG suggests that feeding values of the foliages could be improved.

Knowledge Management: Journal