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Effect of Distillery and Agricultural Pollution on Histological Features of a Snakehead, Channa Punctatus in Three Beels of Rangpur

M. Z. Rahman
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

G. U. Ahmed
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. F. A. Mollah
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. A. Wahab
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Pollution is one of the major reasons for the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems like beels. Fish of the beels are the silent victims of pollutants but some hardy species like Channa punciatus has the ability to thrive in polluted waters. Studies on the effects of distillery and agricultural pollution on histological features of a snakehead, Channa punciatus of three beels of Rangpur, were conducted from January 2005 to December 2005 under three treatments. A total of nine fishes were collected from each of the experimental beels at quarterly intervals covering winter, pre- monsoon, monsoon and post- monsoon. All the fish were observed to be clinically normal and healthy in their appearance in the month of July (monsoon) in all the beels. Fish of Chapundaha (T₂) and Dariar beel (T₃) were found to be almost normal in October (post- monsoon) also while those of Nandinar beel (T₁) were found to be blackish, thin, weak with rough skin surface in the months of October (post monsoon) and January (winter). On the other hand fish of Chapundaha beel showed clinical symptoms like rough skin surface, haemorrhage and lesions only in the month of January. Histological changes like loss of epidermis and dermis, necrosis, vacuolation in skin and muscle; degeneration, fusion and partial loss of gill lamellae, haemorrhage and hypertrophy in the gills; necrosis and vacuolation, haemorrhage and pyknosis in liver cells and tubular degeneration, vacuolation, necrosis and haemorrhage in kidney were observed in October and January in fishes of the Nandinar beel while the changes like loss of epidermis and dermis, necrosis, vacuolation of myotome and fungal granuloma in the muscles; partial loss of lamellae, mild haemorrhage and hypertrophy in gills; mild necrosis, vacuolation and pyknosis in liver cells and mild necrosis and vacuolation in kidney in January only in different organs of fishes of the Chapundaha beel. No degenerative changes were recorded in the fish of Dariar beel round the year. Numerous fungal granuloma in muscles and necrotic lesions were indicative of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) led histological alterations of different organs in the investigated fish of Chapundaha beel. While degenerative changes without fungal granuloma as observed in the fishes of Nandinar beel were probably due to the consequences of distillery effluents.

Keywords: Distillery and agricultural pollution, Histological features, Snakehead, Channa punctatus, Beels

Location: Rangpur

Start Date: 01-01-2005

End Date: 31-12-2005

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To assess effects of pollution through histological study of different organs of a representative column feeding fish, Channa punctatus of three beels having different pollution scenario.

Methodology:

The effect of pollution on histological state of different organs of a representative column feeder, Channa punctatus of three beels in Rangpur, having different pollution scenario was studied from January 2005 to December 2005. The study was performed under three treatments viz. Treatment- I included fish samples of the Nandinar beel receiving distillery effluents, Treatment- II included fish samples of the Chapundaha beel receiving a significant amount of agricultural runoff from a huge catchments and Treatment- III included fish samples of the Dariar beel having partial embankments allowing the minimal entry of agricultural runoff. Channa punciaius was selected as a representative experimental fish because this column feeding fish was hardy enough to thrive in all the three experimental beels. A total of nine fish samples were collected from three locations of each of the beels at quarterly intervals. The fish were examined thoroughly by naked eye to observe the presence of any injury, infection and abnormalities. Samples from various organs such as skin and muscle, gill, liver and kidney were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. After 8 hours of fixation, the samples were processed in an automatic tissue processor for dehydration, clearing and infiltration. The samples were then embedded with melted wax in steel mold and perforated plastic block holder. Paraffin embedded blocks were sectioned at 5 urn with a microtome and the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. After staining, the sections were mounted with canada balsam and covered by cover slips. The prepared sections were left for 8 hours over a clean platform to hold the cover slips permanently and then examined under a compound microscope (Olympus). Photomicrographs were taken by using a photomicrographic camera (Olympus CHS, Japan).

Source of Information: BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF FISHERIES, Vol. 30, February 2007, pp. 53-64, ISSN 0257 - 4330.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Histological observation of skin and muscle, gills, liver and kidney of fish of Dariar beel indicates that the examined fishes were normal throughout the study period, which is indicative of good unpolluted habitat. Perhaps suitable environmental conditions attributed pathogen resistance in fishes of Dariar beel. On the other hand, aggravated histological alterations in fishes of Nandinar beel and Chapundaha beel in winter were probably caused due to low temperature and pollution hazards. The recording of severe histological alterations in winter and almost normal conditions in the other seasons of the year in the present study more Effect of pollution on histological features of Channa punciatus 63 or less. The histological alterations in fish are the results of integrated effects of various abiotic and biotic stress factors. The present findings are based on quarterly study of fish belonging to three beels only. Intensive studies in wider areas for a longer period can strengthen the present findings.

Knowledge Management: Journal