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Influence of Prilled Urea and Urea Super Granule on Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency of Some Modern and Hybrid Rice Varieties

M A M Miah
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

P K Saha
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

G M Panaulla
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Four field experiments were conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur in Boro and T. Aman seasons to evaluate the performances of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG) on rice yield of modern varieties (MY) developed by BRRI and hybrid rice and N use-efficiency. Varying combinations of PU and USG along with and application methods were tested. USG was agronomically superior to PU as N source. In T. Aman, 50 kg N/ha as USG was enough for obtaining 3.5-4.0 t/ha yield. In Bora season it required 80 kg N/ha as USG to produce 6.0-6.5 t/ha irrespective of varieties. Prilled urea @ I25 kg N/ha was needed to achieve of similar yield. BRRI dhan31 out yielded hybrid rice during wet season. In Boro, Alok and IR696901 yielded similarly as of BRRI dhan29. The N use efficiency of both type of rice was greater with USG than that with PU.

Keywords: Prilled urea, Urea super granule, Grain yield, N Use Efficiency, Modern and Hybrid rice varieties

Location: BRRI, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-11-1998

End Date: 31-12-1999

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To study the relative effects of PU and USG as N sources on the yield and N use efficiency of hybrid and traditional modern rice varieties.

Methodology:

Four field experiments were conducted at BRRI, Gazipur in Boro and T. Aman seasons during 1998 and 1999. Soil (0-15 cm) of the experimental field was silty clay having pH 6.9, organic matter 1.81 %, total N 0.08%, available P (Olsen) 10 ppm and exchangeable K 0.26 me/100 g soil. The treatments imposed were, expt. i: thirteen-treatment combination involving N levels (0, 75, 125 and 150 kg/ha), two N sources (PU and USG) and three application methods (PU, 3 splits, USG, one and two splits). The test variety was BR3. expt. ii: four N levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha USG) and three varieties (IR73405H, R74609H and BRRI dhan31). Expt. iii: four N levels (0, 100, 125 and 150 kg/ha as PU) and four varieties (Alok, IR69690H, IR68877H and BRRI dhan29). Expt. iv: four N levels (0, 80, 100 and 110 kg/ha as USG) and four varieties (Alok, IR69690H, IR68877H and BRRI dhan29). In first experiment, treatments were assigned in RCB design, while in other experiments split-plot design was used with three replications. Nitrogen rate was the main plot and variety was the subplot. First and 2nd experiments were conducted in Boro and T. Aman seasons of 1998, respectively. Third and 4th experiments were tested in Boro season of 1999. One seedling/hill for hybrid rice and 2-3 seedling/hill for MVs were planted at 20 x 20 cm spacing. All plots received blanket doses of P, K, S, Zn and Cu @ 30, 60, 20, 5 and 70 kg/ha, respectively. In case of PU, N was applied in three equal splits at basal, 30-35 days after transplanting (DAT) and 5-7 days before panicle initiation (DBPI). In case of USG, the granules were point placed 8-10 cm below the soil surface at 15 DT (single dose), and at 15 and 45 DT (two-split). Grain yield at 14% moisture content was reported. Grain and straw samples were analyzed for N concentration by micro-Kjeldahl distillation method . Nitrogen uptake (kg/ha) was determined using estimates of percent N content in straw and grain and their dry matter yield. Agronomic efficiency of N was calculated based on kg grain per kg applied N, percentage of N recovery based on kg absorbed N over 100 kg applied N and physiological efficiency based on kg grain over kg absorbed N.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. II (Special Issue): 35-39, 2002

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Rice required less N when applied as USG than as PU indicating that N was utilized more efficiently by rice when applied as USG. Nitrogen doses of 50 kg N/ha as USG in T. Aman and, 80 kg N/ha as USG, but 125 kg N/ha as PU in Boro season may be adequate to achieve yields of 3.5-40 t/ha and 6.0- 6.5 t/ha, respectively for BRRI MVs and hybrid rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal