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Effect of High Temperature on Photosynthesis, Grain Growth and Yield of Aromatic Rice Genotypes

Israt Jahan
Former MS Student
Department of Environmental Science, BAU, Mymensingh

Dr. Md. Abdul Baten
Professor
Department of Environmental Science, BAU, Mymensingh

Dr. Md. Tariqul Islam
Principal Scientific Officer and Head
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted with five aromatic rice genotypes viz., BRRI dhan34, Ukunimadhu, RM-100-16, KD₅-18-150 and Kalizira in plant growth chamber to assess the effects of high temperature at different growth stages on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll stability and grain growth. Three temperature treatments viz., Ambient, 35^oC at tillering stage and 35^oC at booting stage were imposed and continued for 7 days. Plants of all the genotypes were also kept at 30^oC from flowering to maturity for grain growth studies. Photosynthetic rate, grain yield and harvest index decreased but leaf conductance and transpiration rate increased with high temperature (35^oC) at tillering and booting stages. Total dry matter per plant was the lowest with the temperature (35^oC) at booting stage. The highest grain dry weight, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were found in the mutant KD₅-18-150 during the grain growth period. Plant height and number of effective tillers per plant were not affected by the temperature treatments. The genotype KD₅-18-150 showed higher grain yield, total dry matter per plant and harvest index under temperature stress.

Keywords: High temperature, Aromatic rice, Photosynthesis, Leaf coductance, Transpiration, Chlorophyll, Grain growth, Yield

Location: Plant growth chamber at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 09-07-2012

End Date: 15-12-2012

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to assess the effects of high temperature at different growth stages on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll stability and grain growth to find out a variety that can produce better yield under elevated temperature.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted in plant growth chamber at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh taking five varieties of aromatic T aman rice namely BRRI dhan34, Ukunimadhu, RM-100-16, KD₅-18-150 and Kalizira. The soil for the experiment was collected from the BINA campus. The soil was silt loam, organic matter 1.05%, total N 0.07%, available P 14.3 ppm, exchangeable K 0.25 meq.per 100g soil, available S 13.2 and soil pH 6.67. Each pot contained 8 kg of soils. Soils were fertilized with urea 1.36 g/pot, TSP 0.80 g/pot, MP 0.52 g/pot corresponding to urea 170 kg/ha, TSP 135 kg/ha and MP 65 kg/ha, respectively. On 8 August, 2012, 30 days old seedlings were transplanted in the puddle pots. One seedling per hill was transplanted in a pot. The experiment was laid out on Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Three temperature treatments viz., ambient, 35^oC at tillering stage and 35^oC at booting stage were imposed and continued for 7 days. Plants of all the genotypes were also kept at 30^oC from flowering to maturity for grain growth studies. Ten grains were harvested from selected panicles of three plants of each treatment at 3 days’ interval. Dry weights of those grains were recorded. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and leaf conductance were measured using Portable Photosynthetic system (Model: Li-6400XT) and chlorophyll content of flag leaves were measured using SPAD meter (Model: SPAD 502). Grain dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading) and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves were measured at 3 days’ internal from fertilization to maturity. The morphological, physiological and yield attributes were recorded. The collected data were analyzed statistically following two factor experimental design of CDR by MSTAT computer packages (Freed 1992). The mean differences among the treatments were calculated with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test and t-test.

Source of Information: MS thesis by ISRAT JAHAN, Examination Roll No. 12AgENVSJD, Reg. No. 24086, Session: 1997-98, Department of Environmental Science, BAU, Mymensingh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Photosynthetic rate, grain yield and harvest index decreased but leaf conductance and transpiration rate of aromatic rice genotypes increased with high temperature (35^oC) at tillering and booting stages. Total dry matter per plant was the lowest with the temperature (35^oC) at booting stage. The highest grain dry weight, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were found in the mutant KD₅-18-150 during the grain growth period. Plant height and number of effective tillers per plant were not affected by the temperature treatments. The genotype KD₅-18-150 showed higher grain yield, total dry matter per plant and harvest index under temperature stress.

Knowledge Management: Thesis