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Combining Ability and Heterosis in Indica Rice

P S Biswas
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

A K G Enamul Haquc
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Six parental diallel crosses without reciprocals were studied to determine general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis for yield and component characters of rice. The GCA and SCA variances were highly significant for all the characters studied. There relative proportions of components suggest preponderance of non-additive gene effect in the expression of all the traits except plant height, panicle length and I000 grain weight. BR683-65-4-I-I-I (C) was good general combiners for most of the characters including grain yield . IR64588-47-2B-12-I-2-3 also showed good GCA effects for grain yield, plant height, flag leaf area, panicles/ plant and 1000 grain weight. Good general combining ability for yield coupled with earliness was found in DWC-B-14- X-1-6. lR64588-47-2B-12-I-2-3 x BR683-65-4-I-I-I (C), lR60436-B-65-2 x BRb83-65-4-1-l-l (C) and IR55166- 4R-215-I x IR 64588-47-2B-12-I-2-3 were the best specific crosses for grain yield . Performance and heterosis over mid parent and better parent were also high in these crosses indicating their potentials for developing desirable transgressive segregates and in exploitation of hybrid vigor for developing heterotic rice hybrids.

Keywords: Combining ability, Heterosis, Indica rice

Location: Nethouse, BRRI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2004

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To identify good general combiner parents and good specific crosses to initiate effective breeding programme.

Methodology:

A set of 15 crosses following 6 x 6 diallel (without reciprocal) fashion were made using 6 advanced breeding lines. The F₁hybrids along with their parents were grown in randomized block design with two replications in the net house of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute in T. Aman , 2004. Unit plot size was 2.5m x 2 rows. Thirty day-old single seedling was transplanted at 20- x 15 cm in two rep!ications. Data on days to heading, plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm 2), leaf area index (LAI) , panicles/ plant, filled grains/panicle, % spikelet sterility, panicle density index (PDI), I000 grain weight (g) and grain yield/plant (g) were collected from l0 randomly selected plants of each entry. Flag leaf area was measured with the help of leaf area meter. LAI and PDI were estimated with the following formulae: LAI= (Total leaf area)/Total ground surface, PDI = (Number of grains/panicle)/Panicle length. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done on sample mean basis. Estimation of combining ability, Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis were estimated .The significance of heterosis was tested using 't' statistic; t = (F ₁ -MP)/ ( 3MSE/2 r) for heterosis and t (F₁ -BP)/-f(2MSE/r) for heterobeltiosis.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 12(I&2): 99-104, 2007

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The GCA and SCA variances were highly significant for all the characters studied. There relative proportions of components suggest preponderance of non-additive gene effect in the expression of all the traits except plant height, panicle length and I000 grain weight. BR683-65-4-I-I-I (C) was good general combiners for most of the characters including grain yield . IR64588-47-2B-12-I-2-3 also showed good GCA effects for grain yield, plant height, flag leaf area, panicles/ plant and 1000 grain weight. Good general combining ability for yield coupled with earliness was found in DWC-B-14- X-1-6. lR64588-47-2B-12-I-2-3 x BR683-65-4-I-I-I (C), lR60436-B-65-2 x BRb83-65-4-1-l-l (C) and IR55166- 4R-215-I x IR 64588-47-2B-12-I-2-3 were the best specific crosses for grain yield . Performance and heterosis over mid parent and better parent were also high in these crosses indicating their potentials for developing desirable transgressive segregates and in exploitation of hybrid vigor for developing heterotic rice hybrids. Preponderance of non-additive component for all the characters revealed that good transgressive segregates can be achieved only from late generation selection in the crosses involving the parents of the study.

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