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Deflowering Effect on Morpho-physiological Features and Yield in Mungbean

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, PhD
Principal Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Prof. Dr. MSA Fakir
Professor
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were performed to investigate the effect of seven levels of deflowering durations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after commencement of flowering) on morpho-physiological features and yield attributes in two high and two low yielding mungbean genotypes during Kharif-I (February-May) season, 2008 and 2009. Results showed increasing levels of deflowering parallely increased branch, leaf and dry matter (DM) production. In deflowered plants, DM production was increased yet seed yield was decreased with increasing level of flower removal. Decreased yield attended with fewer pods plant^-1 and seeds pod^-1, and reduced pod and seed sizes. However, TDM and seed yield plant^-1 remained unaffected when deflowered for 10 consecutive days, constitute about 80% of total flower loss. Exceeding this threshold limit (deflowering > 10 days) seed yield was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the compensatory mechanism of sink loss was greater in the low yielding genotypes than in the high yielders, and the final yield remained smaller in the low yielding genotypes than in the high yielding ones due to fewer flower and pod production plant^-1 in the former than in the latter. Implication of the results in relation to pest and disease control is also discussed.

Keywords: Vigna radiate, Deflowering, Canopy structure, Dry matter, Seed yield

Location: Experimental farm, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 12-03-2008

End Date: 28-05-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mungbean

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which and what levels of flower removal in mungbean affects growth, reproductive characters and seed yield under field condition with a view to evaluating its compensatory mechanism under sub-tropical conditions.

Methodology:

Experiments were performed at the Field Laboratory, BINA, Mymensingh (24⁰8´ N 90⁰0´ E), Bangladesh in Kharif-I (February-May) season, 2008 and 2009. Two high (BMX 942-8 and VC 6173) and two low (MB 300 and VC 3960) yielding mungbean genotypes and seven deflowering treatments were used. Seeds were sown in rows, 4m long with 30 cm apart between rows. The experimental design was split-split-plot with three replications i.e. the season was assigned in the main plot and four genotypes were in the sub-plot and eight defoliation were in the sub-sub-plot. The sub-plot consisted of 18 rows including two borderlines on either side. The sub-sub-plot consisted of two rows at 30 cm apart and each 4.0 m in length. Uniform plant stands (30 plants m^-2) were maintained in both the seasons. Urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum were used as a source of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur at the rate of 40, 120, 80 and 30 kg ha^-1, respectively at the time of final land preparation. Recommended cultural practices were followed.

The seven levels of deflowering treatments were employed at the beginning of first opened flower (45 and 35 days after sowing in 2008 and 2009, respectively) were: (i) control (No flower removal), beginning from first day of flowering, all opened flowers were removed continuously for (ii) 5; (iii) 10 ; (iv) 15; (v) 20; (vi) 25; and (vii) 30 days.

At harvest, total reproductive unit (TRU), actual seed yield plant^-1, yield components and dry matter production were recorded. The TRU plant^-1 was determined by the number of inflorescence plant^-1 multiplied by the number of nodes inflorescence^-1. The collected data were subjected to statistical analyses as per the design used.

Source of Information: Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 11 (2): 557-562 (2013)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In mungbean, the loss of flowers produced in the first 10 days of flowering which was around 80% of the total, generally, can be tolerated without significant loss of yield and might even be beneficial for 5 days deflowering while low yielding genotypes have more compensatory capacity of yield loss than in the high yielding ones.

Knowledge Management: Journal