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Role of Flowering Pattern and Duration on Yield in Mungbean

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, PhD
Principal Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. M. A. Malek
Principal Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Three experiments were set up under sub-tropical condition (24.8' N 90.0' E) to assess relationship between flowering pattern and flowering duration with seed yield in twelve mungbean varieties. Results revealed that the high yielding varieties produced greater number of opened flowers (range 53.2-144.0 plant^-1) having longer flowering duration (range 24.3-33.0 days) than the low yielding ones (number of opened flower range 17.9-30.4 plant^-1 and flowering duration range 9.0-13.7 days). It was also appeared that high yielding varieties had higher flower production rate over time than the low yielding ones and maximum flower production occurred within 15-20 days in the high yielding varieties and within 1-9 days in the low yielding varieties. However, high yielding varieties showed lower reproductive efficiency (range 47.6-76.6%) than in low yielding ones (range 61.1-83.3%) indicating there is a scope of increasing yield by improving the reproductive efficiency in high yielding genotypes in mungbean. Pod number, the prime yield attribute had highly significant and positive correlation with flower number (r = 0.91**) and flower number depended on flowering duration (r = 0.75**). This aspect may be necessary for future plant breeding programme of mungbean yield improvement.

Keywords: Mungbean, Flowering pattern, Flowering duration, Pod set %, Yield

Location: Experimental farm, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 28-02-2009

End Date: 16-05-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mungbean

Objectives:

This study focused on investigating flowering behaviour and duration, and flower production in twelve modern mungbean varieties discriminated for yields to assess yield determining factors in mungbean.

Methodology:

Three field experiments were conducted at the experimental field of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh in Kharif-I (March-May) season of 2009, 2010 and 2011. Twelve modern mungbean varieties were used as planting material. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The unit plot size was 3 m ´ 2 m with plant spacing of 30 cm between rows and 10 cm within row. The recommended cultural practices were followed. Urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum were used as a source of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur at the rate of 40, 120, 80 and 30 kg ha^-1, respectively at the time of final land preparation. Seeds were sown in line and two weeks after germination, the plants were thinned to a density of 30 plants m^-2. Five plants from each replication were randomly tagged for daily count of opened flowers. Flower count began from the date of opening of the first flower and was continued daily until flowering ceased. Number of flowers produced at each day was averaged over 3 days interval. Flower production or flowering pattern at 3-day interval, and flowering duration were calculated from the collected data. Per cent pod set to opened flowers (reproductive efficiency, RE) was estimated as: % pod set = (Number of pods plant^-1 ÷ Number of opened flowers plant^-1) × 100. Leaf area, dry matter production, yield and yield components were recorded at harvest. The plants were separated into roots, stems, leaves and pods, and the corresponding dry weight were recorded after oven drying at 80 ± 2⁰C for 72 hours. The leaf area was measured by automatic leaf area meter. The collected data were statistically analyzed following Duncan’s Multiple Range Test using the statistical computer package programme, MSTAT.

Source of Information: Research on Crops 14 (2) : 471-477 (2013)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

High yielding varieties have longer flowering duration, higher number of flowers with lower RE whilst reverse trends hold for the low yielders. Pod number, the prime yield attribute had highly significant and positive correlation with flower number and flower number depended on flowering duration. This aspect may be necessary for future plant breeding programme of mungbean yield improvement.

Knowledge Management: Journal