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Flowering Behaviour in Attending Synchrony in Pod Maturity and Yield of Mungbean

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, PhD
Principal Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Prof. Dr. MSA Fakir
Professor
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were carried out to assess flowering pattern, flower production and their relationship with synchrony in pod maturity and seed yield and in twelve mungbean genotypes. Synchrony of pod maturity developed based on per cent matured pods at first harvest, were: synchrony (> 90% pod matured), partial synchrony (80-90% pods matured) and asynchrony (< 80% pod matured). Results revealed that in general, the genotypes which produced maximal opened flowers within 10-15 days and ceased flowering within ≤ 15-20 days after flowering start (DAF) showed synchrony in pod maturity. Additionally, seed yield in mungbean was strongly correlated with number of opened flowers and number of pods which resulted higher seed yield. Genotypes MB 290, MB 300, VC 3960 and BARImung5 showed synchrony in pod maturity due to flower production ceased below 10-15 DAF yet produced lower yield for fewer opened flowers. In contrast, E₄I 901, E₄I 913, BMX 942-8, BINAmung1, BINAmung2 and BINAmung4 showed partial synchrony or asynchrony in ripening pods due to longer flowering duration despite produced higher number of opened flowers and seed yield. These results indicate that relationship between synchrony in pod maturity and seed yield appears to be inversely related in mungbean.

Keywords: Vigna radiata; Flowering pattern; Synchrony in pod maturity; Yield

Location: Experimental farm, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 24-02-2006

End Date: 20-05-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mungbean

Objectives:

To study flowering pattern and its relationship with synchrony in pod maturity and seed yield in six promising mungbean genotypes along with six cultivated cultivars.

Methodology:

The first two experiments were conducted at Mymensingh, Bangladesh with six advanced lines of mungbean and six mungbean cultivars during Kharif-I (February-May) and Kharif-II (September-December) seasons of 2006 and these two experiments were repeated in 2007 at the same location which were designated as third and fourth experiments. A randomized complete block with three replications was used. The unit plot size was 2 m × 2 m with plant spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm. Fertilizers were applied in the form of urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum @ 20-25-30-5 kg ha^-1 of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur, respectively. Intercultural operations were followed as and when necessary to ensure normal growth. Five plants from each replication were randomly selected and tagged for daily count of opened flowers. Flower count began from the date of opening first flower and continued at every day until flowering ceased for first flush. Flowering pattern or flower production at 5-day interval and duration were calculated from the collected data. The yield and yield attributes were recorded from the tagged plants. The fifth experiment was conducted over three locations [Rangpur, Ishurdi and Magura ] during Kharif-I, 2007. At harvest, three scales of pod ripening based on per cent pod maturity to the total were developed: i) synchrony: > 90% pod matured; ii) partial synchrony: 80-90% pod matured and iii) asynchrony: < 80% pod matured at 1^st harvest. Finally, a sixth experiment was conducted to assess the possible reasons of asynchrony/synchrony in pod maturity through studying flowering pattern in mainstem and branches involving one high and one low yielding genotypes. Here, flowers were counted daily from the date of opening of first flower of the mainstem and branches separately, and it continued at every day until flowering ceased. The collected data were analyzed statistically.

Source of Information: Australian Journal of Crop Science 5(8):945-953 (2011)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

High yielding genotypes were in general, showed asynchrony in pod maturity due to longer flowering duration of 20-30 days. In low yielding genotypes, most of the pods set within 10-15 days after flowering start which resulting synchronous pod growth and development as well as synchrony in pod maturity. For getting synchronous pods maturity with high yield in mungbean, plants should have uniculm or fewer branches and capacity to produce increase number of flowers within 10 days in Kharif-I and 15 days in Kharif-II seasons.

Knowledge Management: Journal