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Production of Sugarcane Plants from Some Bangladeshi Varieties Through Tissue Culture

M. H. Rahman
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-2, Bangladesh.

A. B. M. S. Islam
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-2, Bangladesh.

C. S. Parveen
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-2, Bangladesh.

M. M. Haque
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-2, Bangladesh.

A. S. Islam
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-2, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Eight varieties of sugarcane were subjected to tissue culture to optimize methods, media and procedure of callusing, plant let and root regeneration and transplantation to soil. The explants callused well in MMS containing IAA, IBA, 2, 4-D and Kn. Shoot regeneration from calli took place only when they were transferred to medium in which 2, 4-D was excluded. Besides normal green plants, regenerates included albino, chimeric and other aberrants in different proportions. The plant lets with poorly developed roots showed profuse rooting when they were individually grown in fresh medium first and then transferred to test tubes containing sterilized vermiculite and watered periodically with liquid MSH. A large number of such plant lets were successfully established in field.

Keywords: Production, Sugarcane, Plants, Some Bangladeshi Varieties, Tissue Culture

Location: Sugarcane Research Institute at Ishurdi

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sugarcane

Objectives:

To maximize the production of well rooted plant lets and their establishment in soil, with the object of screening them under field condition for the desired characters.

Methodology:

The following eight varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) collected from the Sugarcane Research Institute at Ishurdi were used in the present investigation : L-Jaba C, I₁₁₂/67, Co 975, Co 1158, Isd 16, Isd 1/53, Isd 2/54 and Isd 9/57. Tops of 1.5 m tall, vigorously growing plants were collected from the departmental garden. The sheaths were peeled off till the spindle with a thickness of 0.5 cm was exposed. About 8 em long explants from below the first visible node containing the growing point were taken. These were surface sterilized by dipping them in 95 % ethanol for 30 see followed by immersion in 0.1 % HgCI₂ for 10-15 min. All subsequent operations were carried out aseptically inside a laminar flow cabinet. To remove all traces of the sterilant, explants were washed four times with sterilized distilled water after which the sheath was removed. The tissue that was discarded consisted of the growing dome with subjacent mature tissue and comparatively older leaves towards the top, leaving a cylinder of young leaf tissue of about 5 cm length. These tissues were cut into about 5 mm thick slices and cultured in test tubes containing different nutrient media shown below. The cultures were incubated in dark for the first seven days. Illuminated cultures were kept under banks of fluorescent tubes with a 12 hr photo period. All cultures were maintained at 25 ± 2C. The following media were used : (1) MS, (2) MMS, (3) MSH with indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) , α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), kinetin (Kn) and various other additives such as casein hydrolysate (CH), coconut water (CW) and caffein. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 6.0 before autoclaving.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 13(l): 79-87, 1984 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The growth rate of some of the tissue culture derived plant lets have been found to be quite promising, compared to the donor plants. The plants are intended to be handed over to concerned Institutions for further trial. These plant lets are now growing vigorously under open field conditions. Cytological study is now underway to determine the chromosomal variation in these tissue culture derived plants.

Knowledge Management: Journal