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Bitter Gourd Cultivation Along with Three Timber Yielding Tree Species Under Agroforestry System

H. M. S. Rahman
Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

A. Akter
Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

K.N.A. Jewel
Natural Resource Management Division (Forestry Unit), BARC, Farmgate , Dhaka.

M. Shahjahan
Natural Resource Management Division Forestry Unit), BARC, Farmgate , Dhaka.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the Char Kalibari which is situated by the side of Brahmaputra River Sadar Upazila, Mymensingh, during the period from November 2012 to March 2013 to study performance of bitter gourd in combination with three different timber species as agro forestry system. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications having four treatments. Different distances from the tree base were considered as different treatments. There was a control treatment i.e. bitter gourd was cultivated in the open field condition (without tree). Four treatments of this study were viz., To (open field condition referred as control), T₁ (<50 cm distance from the tree base), T₂(50-100 cm distance from the tree base) and T₃(>100 cm distance from the tree base). Three timber tree species are Mahogony (Swietenia macrophylla), Larnbu (Khya spp.) and Karanja (Pongamia pinnata). All of these trees used in this experiment were 3 years old. Growth and yield of bitter gourd and growth of associated trees in this study was recorded which was significantly influenced by different timber trees in different distances from the tree base. It was found that growth and yield of bitter gourd was relatively better in the open field condition compare to in association with all tested timber tree species. All growth parameter of bitter gourd viz. Vine length, number of primary branches per plant, number of leaves per primary branch, number of fruit per plant, individual fruit weight etc. was better in open field condition but among the different timber species growth of bitter gourd was relatively lower in combination with Lambu tree species. In combination with all of these timber tree species growths of bitter gourd gradually decreased with decreasing distances towards the tree base. Similar trend of variation was also found in case of yield of bitter gourd in combination with these timber tree species. Highest fresh of bitter gourd was obtained in open field condition which was 4.1 t ha^-1. Among the different distances viz. < 50 cm, 50-100 cm and> 1 00 cm distance from the tree base, yield of bitter gourd was decreased towards the tree base. Fresh yield of bitter gourd in these distances <50 cm, 50-100 cm and> 100 cm) from tree base in combination with Mahogony, Lambu and Karanja species were 2.5, 3.4 & 3.9 tha^-1, 2.1, 2.6 & 3.2 tha^-1 and 2.7,3.2 & 4.0 tha^-1, respectively. It was found that on an average 40.7, 25.12 and 9.76% yield of bitter gourd was decreased in <50 cm, 50-100 cm and> 1 00 cm distances from tree base compare to open field condition.

Keywords: Brinjal, Chilli, Lohakath,Intercropping, Agroforestry system.

Location: Mymensingh Sadar upazila

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Bitter gourd, Tree

Objectives:

To observe the performance of bitter gourd in association with three different tree species in the Char Kalibari in the bank of Old Brahmaputra River.

Methodology:

The district Mymensingh is located between 24°38'3" North and 90°16'4" East Latitude. Total area of this district is 4363.48 km² and situated on the west bank of Brahmaputra River. The geographical position of char Kalibari located between 24°45' - 24°45'40" North and 90°24'4"- 90°24'44" East Latitude. In this study the three years old previously established Mahogoni (Swietenia mahagoni), Lambu (Khya spp.) Karanja (Pongamia pin nata), trees were used as test tree components and Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) were used as plant materials. On the others hand the seeds of bitter gourd were collected from International Seed Fair in Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus. The Experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Four treatments were used in this study which are: To = Open field referred to as control, T₁= < 50 cm distance from the tree, T₂ = 50 - 100 cm distance from the tree, and T₃ = > 100 cm distance from the tree. The fruits were harvested at tender stage and before 100 % maturity when they are still green. However, bitter gourd was harvest after 120 days after sowing. Delay in harvesting causes the fruit to become unit for marketing. Harvesting is done by hand picking. Bitter gourd was harvested at several picking. After harvest size and weight of the each fruit was measured. Compiling and analyzing the recorded data were done by using RCBD design to find out the experimental results with the statistical significance. The means for all recorded data were calculated and the analysis of variance for all the characters were performed. The mean differences were evaluated by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test and also by Least Significant Difference test.

Source of Information: Journal of Agroforestry and Environment, Vol: 8, (No-1), pp: 67-71, June-2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Finally, it may be found that bitter gourd can successfully grown in combination with different timber trees in char based farming system of Bangladesh during the the establishment period of trees i.e., up to 6-7 years from transplantation of timber tree saplings.

Knowledge Management: Journal