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Genetic Enhancement of Sugarcane Through Development of Stress Tolerant Somaclones and Their Field Evaluation

Kuasha Mahmud
Senior Scientific Officer
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna

Nadira Islam
Scientific Officer
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna

Asish Kumar Ghose
Scientific Officer
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna

Dr. Md. Amzad Hossain
Chief Scientific Officer
Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna

Md. Shamsul Arefin
Scientific Officer
Physiology and Sugar Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna

Dr. Md. Shamsur Rahman
Senior Scientific Officer
Pathology Division, Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi-6620, Pabna

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fifty one Somaclones developed from sugarcane varieties Isd 16, Isd 20, Isd 28, Isd 33, Isd 34, Isd 35, Isd 36, Isd 37 and Isd 38 were used for field evaluation at the Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm, Ishurdi, Pabna during 2011-2012 cropping season. Each of somaclones was planted at spacing of 1.00m × 0.45m. Planting materials showed significant variation. Somaclones were evaluated in test tube during callus induction, shoot and root regeneration. Regenerated plants (R₀ generation) produced from tissue culture through intervening callus of sugarcane varieties Isd 18, Isd 20, Isd 34, Isd 35, Isd 36, Isd 37 and Isd 38 were transplanted in the field for further selection against drought and salinity. For selection of drought tolerant plants, callus induction, shoot regeneration and root formation stage were stressed with 7.5% PEG. Salinity tolerant plants were produced from media containing NaCl salt 200, 150 and 100 mM for callus, shoot and root production respectively. Plants produced from drought and salinity tolerant callus were planted in the field for ex vitro test. Fifteen regenerated somaclones of variety Isd 20, 9 somaclones of Isd 35, 6 somaclones of Isd 36, 6 somaclones of Isd 37 and 12 somaclones of variety Isd 38 were regenerated from drought tolerant callus and found to be drought tolerant. Twenty eight regenerated somaclones of variety Isd 18, 9 somaclones of Isd 35, 9 somaclones of Isd 36, 6 somaclones of Isd 37 and 9 somaclones Isd 38 from salt tolerant callus found to be tolerance against salinity stress. Total 48 drought tolerant and 61 salinity tolerant somaclones were developed.

Keywords: Sugarcane, Somaclone, Stress tolerant

Location: BSRI Lab, Pot and Terokhada-Khulna and Barind Tract Rajshahi

Start Date: 01-07-2011

End Date: 30-06-2012

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sugarcane

Objectives:

1.To study the effects of NaCl, hydroxy proline and polyethylene glycol concentrations on different in vitro stages for genetic enhancement.

2.To study the effects of salinity and drought on regenerated plants under ex vitro conditions for expression of enhanced genetic base.

3.To develop salt and drought tolerance in sugarcane through genetic enhancement.

Methodology:

1. BSRI released varieties prone to biotic and abiotic stress were used as experimental materials.

2. Somaclones from defective varieties were produced through callus culture.

3. For callus initiation explants were inoculated on MS + 2,4-D(3-4mg/l) + 10% coconut water.

4. Callus were sub-cultured on the medium containing NaCl (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM), HYP (0.5 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mM) and PEG (5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0%). On every concentration the callus were maintained for 2-3 weeks.

5. The tolerant callus were tested for retention of tolerance by sub-culture first on media without selecting agents, followed by selecting agents containing media.

6. Shoot were regenerated on shooting media (MS+2mg/l BAP + 1mg/l Kn) with and without selecting agents.

7. For root initiation regenerated shoots were sub-cultured on the medium MS + NAA (5mg/l) with and without selecting agents.

8. After hardening, plants were tested under induced salinity and drought conditions under pot and field conditions.

Source of Information: Annual Report 2012-13 BSRI

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 2,09,989.00

Total Budget (Tk.) : 2,09,989.00

Achievement/Findings:

Fifteen regenerated somaclones of variety Isd 20, 9 somaclones of Isd 35, 6 somaclones of Isd 36, 6 somaclones of Isd 37 and 12 somaclones of variety Isd 38 were regenerated from drought tolerant callus and found to be drought tolerant. Twenty eight regenerated somaclones of variety Isd 18, 9 somaclones of Isd 35, 9 somaclones of Isd 36, 6 somaclones of Isd 37 and 9 somaclones Isd 38 from salt tolerant callus found to be tolerance against salinity stress. Total 48 drought tolerant and 61 salinity tolerant somaclones were developed.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings