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Photosynthesis, Conductance, Transpiration, Water Use Efficiency and Grain Growth of High Yielding Rice Varieties Under Water Stress

Dr. Md. Tariqul Islam
Principal Scientific Officer and Head
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, during January to May of 2009 to assess the effect of water stress on photosynthetic related parameters and grain growth of rice and to find out relationships among those with microclimatic parameters. Water stress of 40% Field Capacity (FC) and control (100% FC) were maintained from heading to grain maturity of cv. Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-7 and Iratom-24. Grain dry weight, P_N, cond and Trmmol decreased and WUE increased with stress. Iratom-24 accumulated the highest grain dry matter and Trmmol followed by Binadhan-7. Cond (r= -0.928**), Trmmol (r= -0.941**) and P_N(r= -0.956**) were negatively correlated with average grain dry weight. P_N(r= -0.766*) was negatively correlated with leaf temperature (Tleaf^oC) and photosynthetically active radiation (r= -0.716*) in sample chamber (PARi) and positively correlated with relative humidity (r= 0.753*) in sample chamber (RH_S%). Tleaf^oC (r= 0.759 *) was positively correlated with PARi whereas RH_S% and CO₂in sample chamber (CO₂S_μmol) was negatively correlated (r= -0.786*). P_N(r= 0.811*) was positively correlated with relative grain growth rate (RGGR); however, RGGR (r= -0.964**) was negatively correlated with dry weight grain^-1.

Keywords: Photosynthesis, Leaf conductance, Transpiration, Water use efficiency and Rice grain growth

Location:

Start Date: 01-01-2009

End Date: 31-05-2009

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to assess the effect of water stress on photosynthetic rate, leaf conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and grain growth of high yielding rice varieties and to find out relationships among those with microclimatic parameters.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, during Boro season (January to May) of 2009 to assess the effect of water stress on photosynthesis, conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency and grain growth of four high yielding rice varieties viz., Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-7 and Iratom-24 developed at BINA, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Each pot contained 8 Kg of soils (Silty loam, organic matter 1.05%, total N 0.07%, available P 14.3 ppm, exchangeable K 0.25 meq. per 100g soil, available S 13.2 and soil pH 6.67). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. Recommended doses of fertilizers were applied and other cultural practices were followed as and when necessary. Water stress (40% FC) was maintained from heading to maturity for grain growth studies. Ten grains were harvested from selected panicles at 3 days’ interval during fertilization to grain maturity. Photosynthetic and microclimatic parameters were recorded using Portable Photosynthesis System LI-6400XT, LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA. Statistical analysis was done as per design used with the help of MSTAT computer packages. Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) compared the means at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Int. J. Expt. Agric. 1(2):20-24(September 2010)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Grain dry weight, Photosynthesis (P_N), leaf conductance (Cond) and Transpiration rate ((Trmmol)) decreased and water use efficiency (WUE) of rice varieties increased with stress. Iratom-24 accumulated the highest grain dry matter and Trmmol followed by Binadhan-7. The highest P_Nwas observed in Binadhan-5 followed by Binadhan-6 and Iratom-24. The highest WUE was noticed in Binadhan-5 and the lowest in Iratom-24. Grain dry matter accumulation significantly increased from fertilization to 24 days but P_Ndecreased. Higher cond and Trmmol were observed at the beginning of grain development. Cond (r= -0.928**), Trmmol (r= -0.941**) and P_N(r= -0.956**) were negatively correlated with average grain dry weight during fertilization to maturity. P_N(r= -0.766*) was negatively correlated with leaf temperature (Tleaf^oC) and photosynthetically active radiation (r= -0.716*) in sample chamber (PARi) and positively correlated with relative humidity (r= 0.753*) in sample chamber (RH_S%). Tleaf^oC (r= 0.759 *) was positively correlated with PARi whereas RH_S% and CO₂in sample chamber (CO₂S_μmol) was negatively correlated (r= -0.786*). P_N(r= 0.811*) was positively correlated with relative grain growth rate (RGGR); however, RGGR (r= -0.964**) was negatively correlated with dry weight grain^-1.

Knowledge Management: Journal