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Comparative Morpho-physiological Studies of Modern and Landrace Aman Rice

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, PhD
Principal Scientific Officer
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted to study morpho-physiological, yield and yield contributing characters of ten transplant aman rice varieties of which five were modern viz., BRRI dhan11, BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan40 and BRRI dhan41 and five were local improved cultivars viz., Pajam, Nizershail, Bashiraj, Surjamuni and Basmati. Results showed that high yielding modern rice varieties (HYV) were shorter in plant height, having more tillering capacity, higher leaf area and leaf area index, broader and erect leaves, higher chlorophyll content in leaves which in turn showed superior growth characters like absolute growth rate and relative growth rate than the local improved varieties (LIV). Similarly, HYV produced higher number of grains panicle^-1 and bolder grains which resulted higher grain yield than the LIV. The varieties BRRI dhan31 and BRRI dhan41 showed superiority in respect of morpho-physiological parameters like tiller number, leaf area, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaf and total dry mass. Furthermore, BRRI dhan31 and BRRI dhan41 also showed superiority in yield contributing characters over other varieties and it resulted in higher grain yield (average 6.09 t ha^-1), while Basmati showed the lowest in morpho-physiological, yield contributing characters and yield (2.11 t ha^-1).

Keywords: Rice, Local landrace, Modern variety, Yield

Location: Research farm, BINA sub-station, Rangpur

Start Date: 27-07-2000

End Date: 13-12-2000

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To study the details of morpho-physiological characters and yield attributes of five landraces as compared to five modern rice varieties; and to find out physiological defects of the cultivars studied.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out with transplant aman rice of both modern and local improved varieties with a view to evaluate their morpho-physiological characters and yield performance. The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory, Bangladesh Institute of nuclear Agriculture, Rangpur, during the period from July to December 2000. The experiment comprised of ten cultivars of which five were modern viz., BRRI dhan11, BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan40 and BRRI dhan41 and five were local improved cultivars viz., Pajam, Nizershail, Bashiraj, Surjamuni and Basmati. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications. The size of the unit plot was 3.0 m ´ 2.0 m. Hill to hill and row to row distances were maintained at 15 cm and 25 cm, respectively. The dose of fertilizers were: urea 86, TSP 65, MP 135 and gypsum 45 kg ha^-1 (BARC, 2005). Total amount of TSP, MP, gypsum and one third of urea were applied as basal doses during final land preparation. The remaining two third of urea was top dressed in two equal splits at 18 and 45 days after transplanting. To study growth characteristics, a total of two harvests were made, and at final harvest data were collected on some morpho-physiological, yield attributes and yield. The first and second crop sampling was done at 30 and 60 DAT, respectively. At harvest, yield components were recorded. The collected data were statistically analyzed and the means were adjudged by DMRT at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Proceedings of regional workshop Extension-Research on Sustainable Agriculture in Rangpur-Dinajpur region conducted at Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Dinajpur. pp. 89-93.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

High yielding modern varieties showed shorter plant, shorter erect leaves with larger stomata, produced higher number of tillers and grains panicle^-1 and bolder grains resulting higher grain yield compared to local improved varieties. So, improved high yielding cultivars should have broader and erect leaves with larger stomata, having more tillering capacity at early growth stages, having higher assimilate partitioning to the economic yield (higher HI) and having longer panicle with densely spikelets bearing capacity. Among the studied cultivars BRRI dhan31 and BRRI dhan41 fulfill above criteria and produced the highest grain yield.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings